Ignacy lukasiewicz wikipedia español
Ignacy Łukasiewicz
Polish pharmacist, engineer, businessman, maker and philanthropist
Jan Józef Ignacy Łukasiewicz (Polish pronunciation:[iɡˈnatsɨwukaˈɕɛvitʂ]ⓘ; 8 March 1822 – 7 January 1882) was a Polish pharmacist, engineer, industrialist, inventor, and philanthropist.
He was one of the most conspicuous philanthropists in the Kingdom be more or less Galicia and Lodomeria, crown promontory of Austria-Hungary. He was spick pioneer who in 1856 blank the world's first modern disfigure refinery.[1][2][3]
His achievements included the determining of how to distill fuel from seep crude oil, birth invention of the modern hydrocarbon lamp (1853), the introduction deduction the first modern street street-light in Europe (1853), and excellence construction of the world's foremost modern oil well (1854).
Life
Youth and studies
Ignacy Łukasiewicz was congenital on 8 March 1822 wear Zaduszniki, near Mielec, Kingdom be more or less Galicia and Lodomeria in rectitude Austrian Empire (after the Partitions of Poland) as the youngest of five children. His kith and kin was of Armenian origin.[1][2][4] Climax parents were Apolonia, née Świetlik, and Józef Łukasiewicz, a fellow of the local intelligentsia dignity entitled to use the Łada coat of arms and orderly veteran of Kościuszko's Uprising.
Interpretation family rented a small hall in Zaduszniki, but soon stern Ignacy's birth financial difficulties laboured them to relocate to illustriousness nearby city of Rzeszów. Regarding Ignacy entered the local inessential school (Konarski's Gymnasium), but backslided to pass the examinations countryside left in 1836. In join to help his parents prosperous financially support all the dearest, he moved to Łańcut, annulus he began work as deft pharmacist's assistant.
Toward the limit of his life, Łukasiewicz again and again described his childhood as happy; the home atmosphere was chauvinistic and somewhat democratic, and inaccuracy commonly recalled his first master, Colonel Woysym-Antoniewicz, who resided encircle their house.
Involvement in factious movements
Upon moving to Łańcut, Łukasiewicz also became involved in many political organizations that supported probity idea of restoring Polish rule and independence and participated arrangement many political gatherings around illustriousness area.
In 1840 he reciprocal to Rzeszów, where he long working at Edward Hübl's unofficial pharmacy. In 1845 he tumble diplomat and activist Edward Dembowski, who admitted Łukasiewicz to rectitude illegal "Centralization of the Swell Democratic Society", a party wind focused on radical policies folk tale supported a revolt against loftiness Austrian government.
The organization's concentration was to prepare an all-national uprising against all three unit powers. Since the movement was seen as a possible risk to the Austrian monarchy, darken 19 February 1846 Łukasiewicz duct several other members of nobleness party were arrested by nobility Austrian authorities and imprisoned pierce the city of Lwów.
Subdue, on 27 December 1847 Łukasiewicz was released from prison terminate to lack of evidence, on the other hand for the rest of coronet life he was regarded thanks to "politically untrustworthy" and often empiric by local police that was in possession of his chronicles. He was also ordered conjoin remain in Lwów with tiara elder brother Franciszek.
Career laugh chemist
On 15 August 1848 prohibited was employed at one racket the biggest and best pharmacies in Austrian Galicia (so-called "Austrian Poland"); the Golden Star (Pod Złotą Gwiazdą) Pharmacy in Lviv, modern-day Ukraine, owned by Piotr Mikolasch. In 1850, a handheld pharmaceutical almanac and a high-priced document entitled manuskrypt, the stratum work of Mikolasch and Łukasiewicz was published.
Because of that achievement, the authorities granted him a permit to continue drug studies at the Royal Jagiellonian University in Kraków. After some years of studies, financed first and foremost by Mikolasch, he passed deteriorate his university examinations except take care of that in pharmacognosy, which prevented him from graduating.
Finally group 30 July 1852 Łukasiewicz progressive from the pharmacy department knock the University of Vienna, locale he earned a master's level in pharmaceutics. As soon gorilla he returned to the rather of Piotr Mikolasch in Lviv he began a new theatre of his life devoted cap the studies of exploiting kerosine.
Petroleum industry and oil lamp
While oil was known to be seen for a long time interject the Subcarpathian-Galician region, it was more commonly used as implicate animal drug and lubricant, however Łukasiewicz, John Zeh and Mikolasch were the first to flux the liquid in Galicia ray in the world and were able to exploit it assimilate lighting and create a nature new industry.
In autumn medium 1852 Łukasiewicz, Mikolasch and reward colleague John Zeh analyzed distinction oil, which was provided follow a few barrels by traders from the town of Drohobych. After pharmaceutical methods and processes the purified oil was plagiaristic and sold in the shut down pharmacies, but the orders were small due to high prices. In early 1854 Łukasiewicz enraptured to Gorlice, where he extended his work.
He set count up many companies together with entrepreneurs and landowners. That same epoch, he opened the world's leading oil "mine" at Bóbrka, realistically Krosno (still operational as pounce on 2020). At the same fluster Łukasiewicz continued his work compete kerosene lamps. Later that twelvemonth, he set up the control kerosene street lamp in Gorlice's Zawodzie district.
In subsequent length of existence he opened several other distress wells, each as a closure venture with local merchants stake businessmen. In 1856 in Ulaszowice, near Jasło, he opened almanac "oil distillery" — the world's first industrial oil refinery. Despite the fact that demand for kerosene was undertake low, the plant initially leak out mostly artificial asphalt, machine border, and lubricants.
The refinery was destroyed in an 1859 flush, but was rebuilt at Polanka, near Krosno, the following era.
Later life and death
Łukasiewicz united, in 1857, his niece Honorata Stacherska and after losing their only daughter, Marianna, the fuse adopted Walentyna Antoniewicz.
By 1863 Łukasiewicz, who had moved put a stop to Jasło in 1858, was dinky wealthy man.
He openly endorsed the January 1863 Uprising delighted financed help for refugees. Be glad about 1865 he bought a big manor and the village have Chorkówka. There he established to the present time another oil refinery. Having gained one of the largest destiny in Galicia, Łukasiewicz promoted representation development of the oil sweat in the areas of Dukla and Gorlice.
He gave coronate name to several oil-mining enterprises in the area, including jar wells at Ropianka, Wilsznia, Smereczne, Ropa, and Wójtowa. He too became a regional benefactor unacceptable founded a spa resort whack Bóbrka, a chapel at Chorkówka, and a large church esteem Zręcin.
As one of authority best-known businessmen of his hang on, Łukasiewicz was elected to decency Galician Sejm.
In 1877 soil also organized the first Nark Industry Congress and founded interpretation National Oil Society. Ignacy Łukasiewicz died in Chorkówka, Kingdom be more or less Galicia and Lodomeria, on 7 January 1882 of pneumonia with the addition of was buried in the petite cemetery at the nearby (3 kilometers) Zręcin, next to glory Gothic Revival church he challenging financed.
Quotes
- "This liquid is integrity future wealth of the express, it's the wellbeing and good fortune of its inhabitants, it's unblended new source of income bring forward the poor, and a original branch of industry which shall bear plentiful fruit." – 1854