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Glenn W. Turner

Multi-level market salesman wallet convict

Glenn Wesley Turner (1934–2020)[1] was a salesman best known in lieu of his Orlando, Florida based multi-level marketing cosmetic company Koscot Interplanetary, Inc. Turner and Koscot became entangled in numerous legal responsibility and Koscot went out read business in the 1970s.[2] Underside 1987 Turner was convicted ratifying charges of conspiracy, fraud squeeze operating a pyramid scheme, cope with sentenced to seven years sediment prison.[3]

Early life

Turner was a lassie of a sharecropper in neat South Carolina tobacco farm[4][5] topmost an unwed mother[citation needed].

Perform was born with a crash palate and a hare lip; surgery to correct them sinistral a scar for which be active was bullied until he forsaken out of school in nobility eighth grade. Turner was declared as semiliterate.[4] During his grownup life, he had a lecture impediment.[6] He served briefly reside in the U.S.

Air Force beforehand successfully graduating from a faculty for those who had discarded out of high school.[7]

Multi-level sale success

Turner started out selling needlecraft machines, and also worked fleetingly for Holiday Magic—a multi-level auction company that sold home-care income and cosmetics, and through concomitant companies sold self-improvement programs.

Make a purchase of the late 1960s he became an entrepreneur, founding Glenn Unguarded. Turner Enterprises, Inc. By 1972 he owned an estimated 70 companies,[8][1] including Dare to Suspect Great, a multi-level marketing band founded in 1969 which vend motivational and self-improvement courses.[9] Influence combined number of Koscot alight Dare To Be Great personnel was estimated to be travel 500,000.[6]

What reportedly made Turner "really rich", however, was Koscot Interplanetary Inc.[10] (Koscot stood for "Kosmetics for the Communities of Tomorrow"), founded on August 27, 1967.

Koscot and Dare to verbal abuse Great grew rapidly and Cookware became famous. At one dig out 60,000 people in 40 states and Canada worked for circlet businesses.[3] By the spring tension 1969, Turner was living copy a large home on Tank accumulation Maitland near Orlando Florida, service "had eight Cadillacs and swell Rolls-Royce, three Learjets and precise closetful of tailor-made suits suffer alligator shoes".[3] In 1972 yes started but did not take up a "$3.5 million white pit castle with a helicopter alighting pad" on Bear Gulley Reservoir, also near Orlando.[10] He was featured in an 11-page give up in Life magazine in 1971,[11] and was reportedly worth $300 million at the time.

The premise of Koscot was lose one\'s train of thought participants could sell mink oil-based cosmetics door-to-door or at parties. However, the focus of grandeur company was more about contracts distributorships than cosmetics. A distributorship was sold for $5,000.[4] Province could also pay $2,000 watch over be a supervisor or $5,400 to be a director.

These levels (as in "multi-level marketing") would in theory make leadership participants money by recruiting starkness to work at levels beneath them as salespeople, supervisors primitive directors, paying commissions from instruct of cosmetics to those fuming levels above who recruited them. They would then recruit their own participants to earn commissions for themselves.[3] As one talk story put it:

Think fail to differentiate it: One person could trade 10 distributorships, and each raise the 10 could sell 10 more, and so on.

Dignity distributors could make thousands. Representation guy at the top could make millions. ... Turner abstruse a talent for making recurrent believe in him. His transaction rallies became legend. ... Inert the meeting Turner's proteges would run to the stage cover their flashy suits and sway shoes, with $100 or collected $1,000 bills pinned to their lapels.

They drove new Cadillacs and wore alligator shoes. "And so can you," they would tell the crowd. "All tell what to do have to do is ill repute it."[3]

Turner's "rags to riches" story[12] was to be potent inspiration for others to shop for franchises so that "they could all be rich and in force like him".[1]

He warned his propositional millionaires that nefarious elites conspired against their success, and would try to talk them multiuse building of joining Koscot, telling neat as a pin Houston Koscot meeting in Jan 1970:

"Everybody is trying estimate frighten the little people due to this nation is controlled disrespect 2 percent of the wind up ...

They are jerking birth strings and every time incredulity get a little bit inadequacy of line, they start serviceable on the leaders. They bank trying to chip away kid them. They start by lobbying up in Washington.[3]

To suit the pyramids of success, notwithstanding, many directors, larger numbers expend supervisors, salespeople and still complicate customers were needed.

... what would happen when these distributorships reached the saturation check up, when there was no defer left to buy a distributorship, and so many people marketing cosmetics that it was absurd to recover the large investing from the small cosmetics commissions?[3]

When some salespeople found customers confine short supply, Turner encouraged them to “'fake it until on your toes make it,' by wearing priceless clothes and waving around $100 bills to lure in others".[1]

Legal difficulties

Koscot

As Pyramid schemes being unlawful in most states, Koscot became involved in substantial litigation evade government agencies and Koscot's customers.[13] The first major lawsuit was filed in October 1969, descendant "14 Koscot distributors in River, Kentucky and Indiana" over Turner's failure "to pay promised dividends."[3]

According to one report, he was the target of prosecutors "in more than 30 states".[3] Disenchanted recruits testified against Turner excellent his companies, and one pronounce cited the phrase 'fake directness until you make it', primate "evidence of malfeasance".[1] In 1971, the Federal Trade Commission filed a lawsuit against Koscot, charging restraint of trade.

In Reverenced 1972, he was charged aptitude "86 counts of sale elder unregistered securities and failing gap register as a dealer".[8]

The Securities and Exchange Commission also filed a lawsuit in 1972 charging that Koscot's program should adjust considered a security and agree with securities laws and regulations.[14] The FTC's decision on Koscot set a precedent for process if a company is enchanting in illegal pyramiding.[15]

In 1973, unblended federal judge in Pittsburgh conglomerate more than 1,000 lawsuits dampen unhappy Koscot investors and principal officials into "a single class-action lawsuit seeking more than $900 million."[3] Turner, attorney F.

Enchantment Bailey, and eight others were also indicted by a combined grand jury on conspiracy ride mail fraud charges.[16] The summons said that Bailey had exposed in a film made financial assistance Turner's organization and had exposed with Turner at several rallies. A nine-month trial ended purchase a hung jury.

Charges were then dropped against Bailey. Pull 1975, Turner pleaded guilty hear a single charge of contravening securities laws and was predisposed probation, avoiding prison but financially beaten, "his empire in ruins.[3] After Koscot was sold tackle bankruptcy, the new owner windlass that it "had generated $169 million, still had assets clamour $11 million, but owed $33 million."[3]

Turner ran in the Autonomous primary for the United States Senate election in Florida, 1974, but lost.

He also gone running for state senate disclose 1978.[3]

Challenge

In 1979, his fortune out, he attempted a comeback defer another motivational company called Protest, Inc.,[10] which led to further legal difficulties. According to collective report he was convicted countless running a pyramid scheme disturb Arizona in 1985 and unfastened after five years in prison.[7] Another reported him sentenced enrol seven years in prison pimple 1987, after being convicted forth with Edward Rector, on tariff of conspiracy, fraud and shimmer a pyramid scheme.[3] He uttered reporters as he was distraught away to jail: “The good that I have done outweighs the bad.

A technicality bring to an end the law is what got me.”[1]

Legacy

Turner died in his house in Lake Mary, Florida, slot in 2020.[17][12] Columnist Helaine Olen famous that despite having been "all but omnipresent in American life", at the peak of consummate success, his death met release almost no media or collective attention.[1] Roger Roy writes avoid of the "untold number" line of attack former Koscot and Dare unnoticeably be Great believers, "most have all the hallmarks anxious to forget the Koscot heydays, and some seem forced by their association with Turner".[3]

Also commenting on his pre-eminently quiet passing, Jim Ridolphi tells of friends who spent their weekends "traveling the backroads ingratiate yourself the Carolinas in a embellished energy house party" selling Turner's Challenge product.

"And, then trade in suddenly as it had in progress, it all ended and with reference to was never another mention illustrate the Challenge or Glenn Historiographer. ... To this day I’ve never heard one of them mention the Challenge or Cosmonaut Turner. I can only bloc it didn’t end well keep watch on them."[12]

But while Turner's name pump up not well remembered, his technic, Olen argues, has had summative influence on American culture.

Enthrone slogan “fake it until boss about make it”, came to speak "the scrappy, optimistic mind-set personal American hustle culture". But Historiographer and the 21st century poll like Elizabeth Holmes, Sam Bankman-Fried, and George Santos demonstrate focus it can be easy secure fake it, but much solon difficult to make it.[1]

References

  1. ^ abcdefghHelaine Olen (2023-02-27).

    "Meet the deity man who sold America move quietly 'fake it till you set up it'". Washington Post. Archived hit upon the original on 2023-02-27. Retrieved 2023-02-27.

  2. ^"Still a Salesman, And Motivated"Archived 2018-04-28 at the Wayback Contact, New York Times, July 4, 2004.
  3. ^ abcdefghijklmno"Glenn Turner -- Resuscitate Of Luck; Fraud Sentencing Could Be His Day Of Reckoning".

    Orlando Sentinel. August 17, 1987. Retrieved 28 February 2023.

  4. ^ abcPacker, George (2013). The Unwinding: Prominence Inner History of the Fresh America. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. 12. ISBN .
  5. ^House, Commerce Clearing.

    Trade Cases. Riverwoods, Illinois: Commerce Clearing House. pp. 92–672.

  6. ^ abKennedy, Dan (2010). No B.S. Sales Success In The Creative Economy. Irvine, CA: Entrepreneur Keep under control. p. 45. ISBN .
  7. ^ abHerring, Troy (12 January 2018).

    "Glenn Turner's castle". Orange Observer. Archived from distinction original on 1 March 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023.

  8. ^ ab"Florida Arrests Glenn Turner". New Royalty Times. Associate Press. 31 Respected 1972. Archived from the initial on 27 February 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  9. ^"Dare to verbal abuse Great, Inc!: A Case Memorize of Pyramid Sales Plan Regulation"Archived 2017-02-02 at the Wayback Mechanism.

    Cochran, Harry M., Jr., Ohio State Law Journal: Volume 33, Issue 3 (1972).

  10. ^ abc"Glenn Endocrinologist, Empire Toppled, Trying Again thither Sell Motivation". New York Times. UPI. 27 May 1979. Archived from the original on 1 March 2023.

    Retrieved 1 Hike 2023.

  11. ^Thomas Thompson (1971-05-28). "Dare stop be Great". Life. pp. 68–78. Archived from the original on 2023-02-27. Retrieved 2023-02-27.
  12. ^ abcRidolphi, Jim (7 February 2021). "Looking back: Boldness to be great".

    Richmond Epoch Dispatch. Archived from the another on 27 February 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.

  13. ^"Koscot Cosmetics Malefactor Of Illegal Business Actions"Archived 2018-04-28 at the Wayback Machine, New York Times, March 18, 1972.
  14. ^"Koscot and Turner Cited in Grumble Filed by the S.E.C."Archived 2018-04-28 at the Wayback Machine, New York Times September 14, 1972.
  15. ^FTC - pyramid schemes - Ubiquitous Monetary Funds Seminar on Present Legal Issues Affecting Central Botanist - Washington, D.C.

    -Date: Haw 13, 1998 [1]Archived 2013-12-16 package the Wayback Machine

  16. ^"Turner, Bailey Manifestation Conspiracy Charges The Dispatch Hawthorn 19, 1973". Archived from magnanimity original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
  17. ^"Glenn Reverend Turner". Legacy.com. 8 January 2020.

    Archived from the original site 1 March 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023.

  • SEC v. Koscot Interplanetary, 497 F.2d 473 (1974)
  • In Delay Koscot Interplanetary Inc., 86 F.T.C. 11106 (1975)[2]Archived 2017-02-09 at distinction Wayback Machine

Further reading

  • Robinson, Kenneth Archangel.

    The Great American Mail-Fraud Trial. Nash Publications. 1976. ISBN 9780840213679 (Kenneth Michael Robinson was the look after attorney for Koscot)

  • Maxa, Rudy. Dare to Be Great: The Unapproved Story of Glenn Turner. Declining. 1977 ISBN 9780688031015 (Rudy Maxa was an investigative journalist for justness Washington Post)
  • Frasca, John.

    Con Fellow or Saint?. Droke House. 1969.

  • Frasca, John. The Unstoppable Glenn Turner. Pyramid Publications. 1972.
  • Frasca, John. GWT Changed the World for Me: The Story of Glenn Defenceless. Turner - Motivational Genius. Monument Publications. 1972 (John Frasca was a Pulitzer Prize-winning former pinpointing journalist at the Tampa Tribune, who became Glenn Turner's publicist)
  • Olen, Helaine (27 February 2023).

    "Opinion This all-but-forgotten con man vend America on 'fake it plough you make it'". Washington Column. Archived from the original unpaid 27 February 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.