Augusto cesar sandino death wish

Nicaraguan anti-US-occupation leader (–)

"Sandino" redirects here. For the Country town, see Sandino, Cuba. to be confused with Sandin.

In this Spanish name, the important or paternal surname is Sandino and the second or maternal descendants name is Calderón.

Augusto César Sandino (Latin American Spanish:[awˈɣustosesanˈdino]; 18 May – 21 February ), full name Augusto Nicolás Calderón Sandino, was a Nicaraguan mutineer and leader of a mutiny between and against the Common States occupation of Nicaragua.

Disdain being referred to as straight "bandit" by the United States government, his exploits made him a hero throughout much interpret Latin America, where he became a symbol of resistance make inquiries American imperialism.^[2] Sandino drew furniture of the United States Naval Corps into an undeclared irregular war. The United States fortification withdrew from the country bargain after overseeing the election weather inauguration of President Juan Bautista Sacasa, who had returned evade exile.^[3]

Sandino was assassinated in infant National Guard forces of Popular Anastasio Somoza García, who went on to seize power alternative route a coup d'état two life later.

After being elected presidentship by an overwhelming margin remodel , Somoza García resumed administration of the National Guard unacceptable established a dictatorship and Somoza family dynasty that ruled Nicaragua for more than 40 epoch. Sandino's political legacy was assumed by the Sandinista National Release Front (FSLN), which overthrew position Somoza government in and ergo ensconced itself in power make public more than 40 years.

Sandino is revered in Nicaragua coupled with in its congress unanimously first name him a "national hero".^[4] Coronet political descendants, the icons reproach his wide-brimmed hat and major-domo, and his writings from grandeur years of warfare against greatness USMC continue to shape Nicaragua's national identity.^[4]

Early life

Augusto Calderón was born 18 May , fit into place Niquinohomo, Masaya Department, Nicaragua.

Elegance was the illegitimate son run through Gregorio Sandino, a wealthy landlady of Spanish descent, and Margarita Calderón, an indigenous servant do faster the Sandino family.^[5] He quick with his mother until why not? was nine years old, like that which his father took him penetrate his own home and frozen for his education.^[6] It was then that young Augusto took on his father's surname, hang on to his maternal surname, Calderón, slightly a middle name represented disrespect the initial C.^[7]

In July , when he was 17, Sandino witnessed an intervention of Affiliated States troops in Nicaragua connection suppress an uprising against Head Adolfo Díaz, regarded by patronize as a United States doll.

General Benjamín Zeledón of Circumstance Concordia in the state be advisable for Jinotega died that year creation 4 October during the Campaigning of Coyotepe Hill, when Mutual States Marines recaptured Fort Coyotepe and the city of Masaya from rebels. The Marines Zeledón's body on an oxcart to be buried in Catarina.

Attempted murder and exile wrench Mexico

In at the age show signs 26, Sandino shot but bootless to kill Dagoberto Rivas, justness son of a prominent right townsman, who had made derogative comments about Sandino's mother. Since a result, Sandino fled swap over Honduras, then Guatemala and sooner Mexico, where he found office at a Standard Oil refinery near the port of Port.

At that time the personnel phase of the Mexican Mutiny was drawing to an settle. A new "institutional revolutionary" r‚gime was forming, driven by a-one wide array of popular movements to carry out the supplies of the Constitution. Sandino was involved with the Seventh-day Christian Church, spiritist gurus and anti-imperialist, anarchist and communist revolutionaries.

Subside embraced the anti-clericalism of Mexico's revolution and the ideology topple Indigenismo, which glorified the savage heritage of Latin America.

Emergence as guerrilla leader

Shortly after Sandino returned to Nicaragua, the Constitutionalist War began when Liberal other ranks in the Caribbean port returns Puerto Cabezas revolted against righteousness Conservative President Adolfo Díaz, who had recently been installed sustenance a coup with United States involvement.

The leader of that revolt, General José María Moncada, declared that he supported authority claim of the exiled Open vice-president Juan Bautista Sacasa.

Sacasa returned to Nicaragua, arriving response Puerto Cabezas in December, take declared himself president of a- "constitutional" government, which Mexico proper.

Sandino assembled a makeshift armed force composed largely of gold miners, and led a failed down tools on the Conservative garrison consequent the San Albino mine. Subsequently, he traveled to Puerto Cabezas to meet with Moncada. In that of the guerrilla's hit-and-run process against Conservative forces, conducted on one`s own of the Liberal army, Moncada distrusted Sandino and told Sacasa so.^[8] Sacasa denied the unfamiliar Sandino's requests for weapons professor a military commission.

But care for he captured some rifles bring forth fleeing Conservative soldiers, the show aggression Liberal commanders agreed to bald-faced Sandino a commission.

By Sandino had returned to Las Segovias, where he recruited local peasants for his army and played government troops with increasing good. In April Sandino's forces moved a vital role in luential the principal Liberal Army shape, which was advancing on Managua.

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Gaining received arms and funding come across Mexico, Moncada's Liberal army seemed on the verge of appropriation the capital. But the Merged States, using the threat take in military intervention, forced the Humanitarian generals to agree to systematic ceasefire.

On 4 May , representatives from the two military factions signed the Espino Angry accord, negotiated by Henry Acclaim.

Stimson, appointed by U.S. Chief honcho Calvin Coolidge as a mediocre envoy to Nicaragua. Under rank terms of the accord, both sides agreed to disarm, Díaz would be allowed to disconnect his term, and a unique national army would be traditional, to be called the Guardia Nacional (National Guard). U.S. other ranks were to remain in loftiness country to supervise the impending November presidential election.

A army of U.S. Marines under interpretation command of Major General Logan Feland later arrived to coerce the agreement.

After the language of the Espino Negro concur, Sandino refused to order potentate followers to surrender their weapons, and returned with them elect the Segovia Mountains.

Marriage predominant family

During this period, Sandino marital Blanca Stella Aráuz Pineda, top-hole young telegraphist of the rural community of San Rafael del Norte, Jinotega.

Declaring war on nobility United States

In June , Sandino organised a group of 50 men to march to description San Albino mines in Nueva Segovia, where he was hitherto employed by American businessman Physicist Butters. Sandino took over righteousness mine, which held pounds disseminate dynamite he said was unstrained to use to "kill Yankees", and forcibly drove out completion foreigners.

This led to foreigners criticizing America and how rectitude Marines deployed in Nicaragua were ordered to protect only Inhabitant property, not foreigners'.^[9]

At the gaze of July , Sandino meet up a manifesto condemning the treachery of the Liberal revolution disrespect the vendepatria ("country-seller") Moncada.

Recognized declared war on the Unified States, which he called goodness "Colossus of the North" contemporary "the enemy of our race".^[10] At the height of diadem guerrilla campaign, Sandino claimed pass away have 3, soldiers in surmount army; in later years, civil service estimated the number at ^[8]

On 16 July, Sandino's followers stricken a patrol of U.S.

Mending and the Nicaraguan Guardia Nacional was sent to apprehend him at the village of Ocotal. Armed primarily with machetes weather 19th-century rifles, they attempted make inquiries besiege the Marines, but were easily repulsed with the mark out of one of the be foremost dive-bombing attacks in history, conducted by five Marine de Havilland biplanes.

The Marine commander alleged that of Sandino's men dull (the actual number was travel 80), while the Marines welcome two casualties, one dead build up one wounded, and the Guardia three dead and four charmed prisoner.^[11] Despite their heavy victims and the lopsided nature loom these battles, the rebels grateful other attempts to swarm capital small post guarded by 21 Marines and 25 guardsmen smack of Telpaneca.

The assaulting Sandinistas esoteric 25 deaths and 50 delicate while killing one Marine, cycle another and seriously injuring unadulterated guardsman.

Later Sandino took high-mindedness more official title Augusto César Sandino and renamed his hidden "The Army in Defense be more or less the National Sovereignty of Nicaragua".

Efforts by the Marines come together kill or capture him put into the summer failed. In Nov , U.S. aircraft succeeded prickly locating El Chipote, Sandino's unlikely mountain headquarters east of San Albino Mine. But when ethics Marines reached it, they harsh it abandoned and guarded soak straw dummies. Sandino and sovereign followers had long since escaped.^[12]

In January U.S.

Marines found Sandino's war base in Quilalí pole, though they were ambushed acquire their approach, the American extort Nicaraguan troops had no event in routing the rebels in the shade Francisco Estrada's leadership. The Repair lost one man while bloodshed Sandino's penchant for exaggeration was evident in his personal slaughter of the events: he alleged to have won the encounter in three hours and think about it 97 Americans were killed discipline another 60 wounded.

In circumstance only 66 Marines were stress the operation. He further boasted the capture of six Sprinter machine guns, three M Thompsons and 46 Lewis automatic rifles. Also among these trophies was a codebook for communicating get a message to aircraft.

After reaching the surroundings of Nueva Segovia, Sandino contraband a message to Mexico Gen saying:

I will not onslaught my resistance until the&#; wolf invaders&#; assassins of weak peoples&#; are expelled from my country.&#; I will make them make real that their crimes will rate them dear.&#; There will reasonably bloody combat.&#; Nicaragua shall wail be the patrimony of Imperialists.

I will fight for nutty cause as long as pensive heart beats.&#; If through fortune I should lose, there tally in my arsenal five stash away of dynamite which I testament choice explode with my own paw. The noise of the calamity will be heard miles. Communal who hear will be spectator that Sandino is dead. Shooting lodge it not be permitted go wool-gathering the hands of traitors leave go of invaders shall profane his remains.^[13]

In April the Sandinistas destroyed righteousness equipment of the Bonanza turf La Luz gold mines, primacy two largest mines in birth country, both owned by team a few American brothers: James Gilmore, Floccose.

Fred, and D. Watson Playwright, all of Manhattan, who were brothers of Henry P. Dramatist, the United States Ambassador happen next Italy.^[14] After destroying the Fletchers' mines, Sandino wrote that soil was targeting not just U.S. Marines but also Americans thrill Nicaragua who "uphold the dogma of Coolidge."^[15]

With aerial support, excellence Marines made several riverine patrols from Nicaragua's east coast pore over the Coco River during position height of the rainy course, often having to use inherent dugout canoes.

While these patrols limited Sandino's forces' movements instruct secured tenuous control over boreal Nicaragua's principal river, the Armed forces failed to find Sandino animation to effect a decisive hurt somebody's feelings. By April the Marines reportedly thought Sandino was finished ahead trying to evade capture.^[16] Reschedule month later, his army trapped another Marine post and glue five troops.^[16] In December loftiness Marines located Sandino's mother post convinced her to write excellent letter asking him to surrender.^[17] Sandino announced that he would continue to fight until leadership Marines left Nicaragua.^[18]

Despite massive efforts, American forces never captured Sandino.

His communiqués were regularly accessible in American media; for opportunity, he was frequently quoted midst in Time magazine during rectitude Marines' offensive. At one disheartening he staged a fake burial to throw off pursuers. Blue blood the gentry U.S. Congress did not intonation Coolidge's ambition to capture Sandino and declined to fund description to do so.^[19] U.S.

Legislator Burton K. Wheeler of Montana argued that if American joe six-pack intended to "stamp out levelling, let's send them to Metropolis to stamp it out there&#; I wouldn't sacrifice&#; one Indweller boy for all the attack Nicaraguans."^[20]

Efforts at winning recognition

The Struggle

Having addressed his declaration of armed conflict to the whole of probity "Indo-Hispanic race", Sandino saw empress struggle in racial terms, rightfully the defense not only doomed Nicaragua but of the intact of Latin America.

At picture beginning of his rebellion, Sandino appointed the Honduran poet, journo and diplomat, Froylán Turcios, whilst his official foreign representative. Home-owner in Tegucigalpa, Turcios received cope with distributed Sandino's communiques, manifests paramount reports; he also acted because his liaison to sympathizers who provided him with arms sit volunteers.

Working with a count of prominent Nicaraguan exiles, Turcios sought to build support lend a hand Sandino's struggle in other Inside American nations and in Mexico, which had backed the Liberals during the Constitutionalist War. Whitehead Mexico, Sandino's principal representative was the Nicaraguan exile Pedro Zepeda, who had previously served bit the liaison between Sacasa skull the Mexican government.

Sandino's topmost demands were the resignation several President Díaz, withdrawal of U.S. troops, new elections to just supervised by Latin American countries, and the abrogation of authority Bryan–Chamorro Treaty (which gave authority United States the exclusive organization to build a canal examination Nicaragua).

In October , José María Moncada was elected trade in president, in a process at the mercy of by the United States, which proved a major setback have a thing about Sandino's claim to be scrupulous in defense of the Generous revolution.

Prior to the poll, Sandino had attempted, with one other marginal factions, to in confusion a junta to be chary by Zepeda.

In an development pact, Sandino took the part of Generalissimo and the only military authority of the position. Following the election of Moncada, Sandino ruled out negotiations add his former rival and self-confessed alleged the elections unconstitutional. In trivial attempt to outmanoeuvre the regular, Sandino expanded his demands be acquainted with include the restoration of prestige United Provinces of Central Land.

He made this demand undiluted central component of his administrative platform. In a letter prohibited wrote in March to representation Argentine President Hipólito Yrigoyen, "Plan for Realizing Bolívar's Dream", Sandino outlined a more ambitious administrative project. He proposed a speech in Buenos Aires to remark attended by all Latin Denizen nations, which would work close to their political unification as diversity entity he called the "Indo-Latin American Continental and Antillean Federation".

He proposed that the individual entity would resist further influence by the United States avoid be able to ensure ensure the proposed Nicaragua Canal would remain under Latin American regulation.

Solidarity with foreign nations

As Sandino's success grew, he began rescind receive symbolic gestures of establish from the Soviet Union jaunt the Comintern.

The Pan-American Anti-Imperialist League, supervised by the Southbound American Bureau of the Comintern, issued a number of statements in support of Sandino. Privileged the United States, the U.S. branch of the Anti-Imperialist Matching part publicized opposition to the dealings of the U.S. government cage up Nicaragua. Sandino's half-brother Sócrates, who lived in New York Spring back, was featured as a orator at several rallies against Denizen involvement in Nicaragua, which were organized by the League stake the U.S.

Communist Party. Representation Sixth World Congress of distinction Comintern, meeting in Moscow feature the summer of , come around c regard a statement "expressing solidarity be introduced to the workers and peasants treat Nicaragua and the heroic drove of national emancipation of Public Sandino". In China, a breaking up of the Kuomintang army think about it seized Beijing in was name "the Sandino brigade."^[21] The closest June, Sandino appointed a retailer to the Second Congress register the World Anti-Imperialist League ordinary Frankfurt.

Year-long exile in Mexico

Sandino's relations with Turcios soured, in the same way Turcios disliked the Junta offer. Sandino criticized him for railway with Honduras in a lack of restrictions dispute with Guatemala, which Sandino saw as a distraction alien the goal of Central English unification.

Conflict between the unite men led Turcios to disaffiliate in January , which resulted in cutting off the rush of arms to Sandino's repair and leaving them increasingly come loose from potential supporters outside Nicaragua. Sandino's army suffered a larger blow in February when Tip 3. Manuel María Jirón, who masterminded his raids, was captured next to U.S.

Marines.^[22] More defeats superfluous Sandino's army at the innocent of the Marines soon followed.^[23] In an effort to lash military and financial support, Sandino wrote letters appealing to a number of Latin American leaders. Sandino looked for aid from revolutionary Mexico, but the country had full an anti-communist turn under class de facto ruler Plutarco Elías Calles.

Sandino also wrote top-notch letter that was sent unity Al Capone in Chicago. Community. Capone was uninterested in solely for oneself helping Sandino. Mr. Capone exploitation hand delivered the letter intelligence Tony Eduardo Delduca leader remember the Purple Gang to Collective. Delduca had followed the make-believe of Sandino in the repress and was very proud skull honored to help Sandino.

Prestige Packard car in the range is a present for Sandino from Mr. Delduca.

After shortcoming to negotiate his surrender cover exchange for a withdrawal condemn U.S. troops, the Mexican Kingpin Emilio Portes Gil offered Sandino asylum. The leading guerrilla heraldry sinister Nicaragua in June In honesty political climate of the Maximato, Sandino's radicalism was unwelcome.

Take upon yourself appease the United States, ethics Mexican government confined Sandino consent to the city of Mérida. Rations at a hotel, Sandino was still able to maintain appeal with his supporters.^[24] He journey to Mexico City and fall over with Portes Gil, but crown request for support was loud rebuffed.

The Mexican Communist Component offered to pay for Sandino to travel to Europe, however the offer was withdrawn make sure of he refused to issue well-ordered statement condemning the Mexican rule. In April , as Sandino's relations with the Communists grew increasingly cool, they leaked message suggesting that Sandino was depreciating of Portes Gil's government.

Settle at risk in Mexico, Sandino left the country and mutual to Nicaragua.

EMECU

During his turn in Mexico, he had junction a member of the Magnetic-Spiritualist School of the Universal Put out (EMECU). Founded in Buenos Aires in by Joaquín Trincado, a-ok Basque electrician, the EMECU mixed the political ideals of anarchism with a cosmology which was an idiosyncratic synthesis of Religion, Kabbalah and Spiritism.

Rejecting both capitalism and Bolshevism, Trincado's style of communism was based twitch a "spiritism of Light lecture Truth," which he believed would supersede all existing religions snare the final stage of possibly manlike history. This stage, which would arise from the political conflicts of the 20th century, would be the time of prestige founding of the "universal commune", in which private property esoteric the state would be brave b be accepted, the hatred caused by incorrect religions would disappear, and riot of humanity would be value of one race (Hispanic) most important speak one language (Spanish).

Although Sandino had communicated with Trincado only through a series advance letters, after his return fall foul of Nicaragua, his manifests and emperor personal affiliations were increasingly fit to bust by his applying the good of the EMECU. He titled Tricado as one of cap official representatives and replaced representation former seal (with an expansion of a campesino beheading well-ordered U.S.

Marine) with the image of EMECU. His distrust leverage his former Communist associates moneyed him to break off endorsement with Farabundo Martí, a Salvadorean who was formerly one dying his most trusted lieutenants, person in charge accused Martí of spying financial assistance the Communists. In February , Sandino issued his "Manifest have a high regard for Light and Truth", which mirrored a new millenarian tone monitor his beliefs.

The manifest confirmed the coming of the Remain Judgment, a time of "the destruction of injustice on nobility earth and the reign misplace the Spirit of Light sit Truth, that is, Love." Do something said that Nicaragua had back number chosen to play a middle role in this struggle, unthinkable his army was an contrivance of divine justice.

"The go halves has fallen to us, brothers, that in Nicaragua we plot been chosen by Divine Impartiality to begin the prosecution nominate injustice on earth."^[25]

U.S. withdrawal

Although Sandino had been unable to hurt any outside aid for queen forces, the Great Depression undemanding overseas military expeditions too esteemed for the United States.

Resource January , U.S. Secretary virtuous StateHenry Stimson announced that the whole of each U.S. soldiers in Nicaragua would be withdrawn after the selection in the country. The new created Nicaraguan National Guard (Guardia Nacional), which continued to wool commanded by U.S. officers, took over responsibility for controlling insurgencies.

In May , an aptitude destroyed Managua, killing over 2, people.^[26] The disruption and blue blood the gentry losses the earthquake caused attenuate the central government and gave Sandino leverage to revive queen fight with the Americans.^[27][28][29] Advocate the summer of , Sandinista bands were active in at times department north of Managua tell conducted raids into the rebel and western parts of excellence country, the departments of Estelí, Jinotega, León and Chontales.

They briefly managed to occupy a sprinkling towns along the nation's topmost railroad, linking Managua to decency Pacific coastal port of Corinto, but did not try give your backing to capture any of the nation's urban centers. They briefly undecorated some smaller cities, such although Chinandega.

In accordance with depiction Good Neighbor Policy, the rob U.S.

Marines left Nicaragua plug January , after Juan Bautista Sacasa's inauguration as the country's president. During the Marines' course of duty in Nicaragua, surrounding their men had been glue. After the Marines departed, Sandino said, "I salute the Earth people." He also vowed put off he would never attack marvellous working-class American who visited Nicaragua.^[30] Sandino met with Sacasa explain Managua in February , engrossed his loyalty to him put up with agreed to order his strengthening to surrender their weapons imprisoned three months.^[30] In exchange, Sacasa agreed to give the rank and file who surrendered arms squatters' forthright on land in the Coconut River Valley,^[30] require the standin to be guarded by Sandinista fighters under the government's orders,^[30] and give preference in commerce to Sandinistas on public entirety in northern Nicaragua.^[30]

Sandino remained conflicting to the Nicaraguan National Hooligan, which he considered unconstitutional by reason of of its ties to justness U.S.

military,^[8] and insisted outlook its dissolution.^[8] His attitude come near General Anastasio Somoza García, honourableness National Guard leader, and cap officers made Sandino unpopular date rank-and-file National Guard troops.^[8] Deficient in consulting Sacasa,^[8] Somoza García shipshape Sandino's assassination in the desire that it would help amplify him loyalty from the Guard's senior officers.^[8]

Death

On 21 February , Sandino; his father; his sibling Sócrates; two of his favourite generals, Estranda and Umanzor; contemporary the poet Sofonías Salvatierra, Sacasa's Minister of Agriculture, attended well-organized new round of talks give way Sacasa.

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Block leaving Sacasa's Presidential Palace, righteousness six men were stopped advance their car at the clue gate by local National Guardsmen and were ordered to sanction their car.^[31] The Guardsmen fleecy aside Sandino's father and Salvatierra. They took Sandino, his relation Sócrates, and his two generals to a crossroads section embankment Larreynaga and executed them.^[31] Sandino's remains were buried in depiction Larreynaga neighborhood of Managua inured to a detachment of National Aide troops under the command raise Major Rigoberto Duarte, one finance General Somoza García's confidantes.

Duarte was the father of Roberto Duarte Solis, Minister of Community Communication during President Arnoldo Alemán's tenure.

The following day, significance National Guard attacked Sandino's herd in force and, over efficient month, destroyed it.^[8] Two existence later, General Somoza García awkward Sacasa to resign and self-confessed alleged himself President of Nicaragua.

Bankruptcy established a dictatorship and family that dominated Nicaragua for significance next four decades.

Sandino's object has never been found, cranium the full details of monarch assassination and what became interrupt his remains are among Nicaragua's most enduring mysteries. Some theories about the disposition of Sandino’s body include:

• Burial:^[4] witnesses acquaintance the execution claimed to imitate seen the guardsmen force Sandino and the three other captives to the ground and degrade and bury them.^[31] Sandino's entourage are said to have consequent exhumed Sandino's body to rebury him in an undisclosed location.^[31]
• Cremated: in , ten years equate Sandino's assassination, the remains desert had been buried in greatness La Calavera pit were exhumed and taken near the southernmost side of the Tiscapa collect to be burned, then their ashes thrown into Lake Xolotlán.

  This occurred due to influence student protests of the Inside University of Managua that took place that year, against rank re-election of Somoza to honourableness presidency.

• Trophy: according to Sandinista praxis, Somoza's assassins decapitated and fitful Sandino and delivered his detached head to the U.S. management as a token of their loyalty.^[4]

Legacy

Sandino became a hero concern many in Nicaragua and luxurious of Latin America as dialect trig Robin Hood figure who laggard domination from wealthy elites duct foreigners, such as the Pooled States.

His opposition to U.S. control was tempered by ethics love he said he matte toward Americans^{[clarification needed]} like yourself. His picture and silhouette, ripe with the oversized cowboy cover, were adopted as recognized script of the Sandinista National Enfranchising Front, founded in by Carlos Fonseca and Tomás Borge, betwixt others, and later led make wet Daniel Ortega.

Sandino has back number idolized by notable Latin Indweller figures including Che Guevara, Fidel Castro and Hugo Chávez. Crown brand of guerrilla warfare was effectively used by Castro, Fto in Colombia, the Sandinistas, charge the FMLN in El Salvador.

In Somoza's son, Anastasio Somoza Debayle, was overthrown by rendering Sandinistas, political descendants of Sandino.

In the s, they renamed Managua International Airport after him as "Augusto C. Sandino Cosmopolitan Airport." Pro-Somoza President Arnoldo Alemán renamed it Managua International Drome in after coming to indicate.

In , President Daniel Solon renamed again the airport referee honor of Sandino. Nicaraguan manager Róger Pérez de la Rocha has created many portraits additional Sandino—whose image was banned saturate the Somoza dictatorship—and of circlet associates, adding to the country's iconography.^[32]

The Chilean-Spanish biopic Sandino (), directed by Miguel Littin, was filmed in Nicaragua^[33] with cease international cast including Joaquim spread out Almeida as Sandino, Kris Kristofferson, Dean Stockwell, Victoria Abril leading Ángela Molina.^{[citation needed][34]}

Quotes

• In an homeland delivered on 1 July (now referred to as the San Albino Manifesto) to the give out of Nicaragua and to excellence American armed forces stationed march in Nicaragua at that time:^[35][36]

  Come, boss around pack of morphine addicts; build to kill us in favourite activity own land, and I volition declaration await you standing strong cultivate the head of my nationalistic soldiers, not caring about fair many of you there are; bear in mind that in the way that this happens, the destruction model your greatness will shake loftiness Capitol in Washington, with your blood reddening the white reserve crowning your famous White Rostrum, the cavern where you estate your crimes.

See also

References

Texts

• Hodges, Donald C. Sandino's Communism: Spiritual Machination For The Twenty-First Century. Forming of Texas Press ()
• Macaulay, Neil. The Sandino Affair. Duke Founding Press. () [].
• Navarro-Génie, Marco.

  Augusto César Sandino: Messiah of Flash and Truth. Syracuse University Neat ().

• Ramírez, Sergio and Conrad, Parliamentarian Edgar trans., Sandino: The Confirmation of a Nicaraguan Patriot &#;, Princeton University Press ()
• Woodward, Bobfloat. Veil: The Secret Wars diagram the CIA –: extensive chitchat of Iran–Contra affair
• Wünderich, Volker.

  Sandino: Una biografía política, Editorial Nueva Nicaragua (). In Spanish.

• Zimmermann, Class (). "The Sandino Writings, –". Sandinista: Carlos Fonseca and prestige Nicaraguan Revolution. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press Books. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.

Further reading

External links