Jk rowling biography timeline for poster

British author and philanthropist

Joanne Rowling (ROH-ling; born 31 July 1965), known by her scribble nameJ. K. Rowling, is organized British author and philanthropist. She is the author of Harry Potter, a seven-volume fantasy version series published from 1997 tell somebody to 2007.

The series has put on the market over 600 million copies, been translated into 84 languages, and spawned skilful global media franchise including movies and video games. The Injection Vacancy was her first new-fangled for adults. She writes Cormoran Strike, an ongoing crime fabrication series, under the alias Robert Galbraith.

Born in Yate, County, Rowling was working as spick researcher and bilingual secretary tail Amnesty International in 1990 in the way that she conceived the idea practise the Harry Potter series. Ethics seven-year period that followed proverb the death of her make somebody be quiet, the birth of her have control over child, divorce from her regulate husband, and relative poverty the first novel in dignity series, Harry Potter and goodness Philosopher's Stone, was published pride 1997.

Six sequels followed, final with Harry Potter and position Deathly Hallows (2007). By 2008, Forbes had named her illustriousness world's highest-paid author.

The novels follow a boy called Chivvy Potter as he attends Hogwarts (a school for wizards), put forward battles Lord Voldemort. Death take the divide between good viewpoint evil are the central themes of the series.

Its influences include Bildungsroman (the coming-of-age genre), school stories, fairy tales, delighted Christian allegory. The series alive fantasy as a genre down the children's market, spawned precise host of imitators, and dazzling an active fandom. Critical greeting has been more mixed. Distinct reviewers see Rowling's writing monkey conventional; some regard her characterization of gender and social partition as regressive.

There were very religious debates over the Harry Potter series.

Rowling has won many accolades for her be anxious. She has received an OBE and made a Companion do paperwork Honour for services to belleslettres and philanthropy. Harry Potter the oldest profession her wealth and recognition, which she has used to impulse philanthropic endeavours and political causes.

She established the Volant Tutorial Trust in 2000, and co-founded the charity Lumos in 2005. Rowling's philanthropy centres on checkup causes and supporting at-risk detachment and children. In 2012, Forbes estimated that Rowling's charitable callused totaled US$160 million. She has also donated to Britain's Job Party, and opposed Scottish self-rule and Brexit.

Since 2017, Rowling has been vocal about go backward opinions on transgender people prosperous related civil rights. Her comments, described as transphobic by critics and LGBT rights organisations, hold divided feminists, fuelled debates formula freedom of speech and shelve crash culture, and prompted declarations admire support for transgender people strange the culture sector.

Name

Although she writes under the pen fame J. K. Rowling, before pretty up remarriage her name was Joanne Rowling, or Jo. At commencement, she had no middle designation. Staff at Bloomsbury Publishing recommended that she use two monogram rather than her full label, anticipating that young boys – their target audience – would not want to read out book written by a spouse.

She chose K as rendering second initial, from her solicitous grandmother Kathleen Rowling, and due to of the ease of articulation of the two consecutive handwriting. Following her 2001 remarriage, she has sometimes used the term Joanne Murray when conducting unauthorized business.^[6]

Life and career

Early life person in charge family

Joanne Rowling was born take prisoner 31 July 1965 in Yate, Gloucestershire,^[8][b] to a middle-class kindred.

Her parents Anne (née Volant) and Peter ("Pete") James Rowling had met the previous twelvemonth on a train, sharing nifty trip from King's Cross habitat, London, to their naval postings at Arbroath, Scotland. Rowling's undercoat was with the Wrens point of view her father with the Princely Navy. Pete Rowling was representation son of a machine-tool compositor who later opened a marketplace shop.

They left the argosy life and sought a land home to raise the neonate they were expecting, and one on 14 March 1965 as both were 19.^[16] The Rowlings settled in Yate, where Pete started work as an assembly-line production worker at the City Siddeley factory. The company became part of Rolls-Royce, and operate worked his way into control as a chartered engineer.

Anne Rowling later worked as cool science technician. Neither of Rowling's parents attended university.

Rowling is several years older than her breast-feed, Dianne, whose birth was Rowling's earliest memory.^[22] When she was four, Rowling's family moved show Winterbourne, Gloucestershire.^[16] She began make a fuss over St Michael's Church of England Primary School in Winterbourne just as she was five.^[c] The Rowlings lived near a family hollered Potter – a name Rowling always liked.^[d] Rowling's mother in the vein of to read and the family's homes were filled with books.

Her father read The Puff of air in the Willows to top daughters, while her mother naturalized them to the animals appearance Richard Scarry's books. Rowling's cardinal attempt at writing, a maverick called "Rabbit" composed when she was six, was inspired manage without Scarry's creatures.

When Rowling was take notice of nine, the family purchased representation historic Church Cottage in Tutshill.^[e] In 1974, Rowling began gathering the nearby Church of England School.

Biographer Sean Smith describes her teacher as a "battleaxe" who "struck fear into integrity hearts of the children"; Rowling's teacher seated her in "dunces' row" after she performed weakly on an arithmetic test.^[f] Upgrade 1975, Rowling joined a Brownies pack. Its special events take up parties, and the pack aggregations (Fairies, Pixies, Sprites, Elves, Gnomes and Imps) provided a sorcerous world away from her severe teacher.

When she was 11 or twelve, she wrote top-hole short story, "The Seven Miserable Diamonds".

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She later described ourselves during this period as "the epitome of a bookish kid – short and squat, deep National Health glasses, living concern a world of complete daydreams".

Secondary school and university

Rowling's secondary college was Wyedean School and Academy, a state school she began attending at the age faux eleven and where she was bullied.

Rowling was inspired spawn her favourite teacher, Lucy Conduct, who taught the importance oppress structure and precision in scribble. Smith writes that Rowling "craved to play heavy electric guitar", and describes her as "intelligent yet shy". Her teacher Valley Neuschwander was impressed by connect imagination. When she was expert young teenager, Rowling's great-aunt gave her Hons and Rebels, representation autobiography of the civil straighttalking activist Jessica Mitford.

Mitford became Rowling's heroine, and she matter all her books.^[53]

Anne had unadorned strong influence on her chick. Early in Rowling's life, interpretation support of her mother meticulous sister instilled confidence and attempt for storytelling. Anne was straighten up creative and accomplished cook,^[g] who helped lead her daughters' Goblin activities, and took a kindness in the chemistry department urge Wyedean while her daughters were there.

The three walked make a victim of and from school together, versus a relationship more like sisters than mother and daughters.^[tone]John Nettleship, the head of science downy Wyedean, described Anne as "absolutely brilliant, a sparkling character ... exceedingly imaginative".^[11] Anne was diagnosed set about a "virulent strain" of double sclerosis when she was 34 or 35 and Jo was 15, and had to take a side road cut ou her job.

Rowling's home poised was complicated by her mother's illness and a strained delight with her father. Rowling succeeding said "home was a toilsome place to be", and turn her teenage years were unhappy.^[32] In 2020, she wrote defer her father would have higher a son and described man as having severe obsessive–compulsive disturbance in her teens.^[66] She began to smoke, took an sphere in alternative rock, and adoptive Siouxsie Sioux's back-combed hair president black eyeliner.^[11] Sean Harris, accumulate best friend in the Low-down Sixth, owned a turquoise Fording Anglia that provided an clear out from her difficult home be and the means for Writer and Rowling to broaden their activities.^[h]

Living in a small community with pressures at home, Rowling became more interested in deny schoolwork.

Steve Eddy, her chief secondary school English teacher, remembers her as "not exceptional" on the contrary "one of a group exhaust girls who were bright, mount quite good at English".^[32] Rowling took A-levels in English, Gallic, and German, achieving two Thanks to and a B, and was named head girl at Wyedean. She applied to Oxford Asylum in 1982 but was jilted.

Biographers attribute her rejection hype privilege, as she had abundant in a state school rather surpass a private one.

Rowling always welcome to be a writer, nevertheless chose to study French viewpoint the classics at the Lincoln of Exeter for practical premises, influenced by her parents who thought job prospects would endure better with evidence of bilingualism.

She later stated that Exeter was not initially what she expected ("to be among gobs of similar people – intelligent radical thoughts") but that she enjoyed herself after she fall over more people like her.^[53] She was an average student milk Exeter, described by biographers whilst prioritising her social life ceremony her studies, and lacking arrivisme and enthusiasm.

Rowling recalls contact little work at university, preferring to read Dickens and Tolkien.^[32] She earned a BA score French from Exeter, graduating wear 1987 after a year lacking study in Paris.

Inspiration and mother's death

After university, Rowling moved discriminate against a flat in Clapham Amalgam with friends,^[79] and took smart course to become a bilingualist secretary.

While she was mine temporary jobs in London, Mercifulness International hired her to thoughts human rights issues in French-speaking Africa. She began writing male novels while working as pure temp, although they were on no account published.^[11] In 1990, she designed to move with her admirer to Manchester,^[16] and frequently took long train trips to pop into.

In mid-1990, she was unite a train delayed by duo hours from Manchester to Writer, when the characters Harry Fribble, Ron Weasley, and Hermione Husbandman came plainly into her mind.^[83] Having no pen or newspaper allowed her to fully tackle the characters and their book in her imagination before she reached her flat and began to write.

Rowling moved to Metropolis around November 1990.^[53] She dubious her time in Manchester, in she worked for the Sepulcher of Commerce and at Metropolis University in temp jobs, little a "year of misery".

Affiliate mother died of multiple induration on 30 December 1990. Eye the time, she was penmanship Harry Potter and had not at any time told her mother about it.^[87] Her mother's death heavily awkward Rowling's writing. She later whispered that her literary creation comatose the Mirror of Erised critique about her mother's death, put up with noted an "evident parallelism" betwixt Harry confronting his own humanity and her life.

The pain flash the loss of her was compounded when some correctly effects her mother had keep upright her were stolen.^[53] With picture end of the relationship approximate her boyfriend, and "being plain redundant from an office ecologically aware in Manchester", Rowling described child as being in a indict of "fight or flight".^[32] Alteration advertisement in The Guardian puzzled her to move to Oporto, Portugal, in November 1991 touch teach night classes in Country as a foreign language, scribble during the day.^[32]

Marriage, divorce have a word with single parenthood

Five months after taking place arriver in Porto, Rowling met ethics Portuguese television journalist Jorge Arantes in a bar and hyphen that they shared an alarmed in Jane Austen.

By mid-1992, they were planning a have a row to London to introduce Arantes to Rowling's family, when she had a miscarriage. The exchange was troubled, but they united on 16 October 1992.^[i] Their daughter Jessica Isabel Rowling Arantes (named after Jessica Mitford^[j]) was born on 27 July 1993 in Portugal.^[11] By this put on the back burner, Rowling had finished the extreme three chapters of Harry Dabble in and the Philosopher's Stone – almost as they were sooner published – and had drafted the rest of the novel.

Rowling experienced domestic abuse during scrap marriage.^[66][97] Arantes said in June 2020 that he had slap her and did not mourn it.^[98] Rowling described the wedlock as "short and catastrophic".

She says she was not licit to have a house horizontal and that her husband stirred the growing manuscript of collect first book as a hostage.^[99] Rowling and Arantes separated flaw 17 November 1993 after Arantes threw her out of rendering house; she returned with class police to retrieve Jessica predominant her belongings and went go-slow hiding for two weeks heretofore she left Portugal.^[11] In unite 1993, with a draft appreciated Harry Potter in her suitcase,^[32] Rowling moved with her female child to Edinburgh, Scotland,^[8] planning supplement stay with her sister hanging fire Christmas.^[53]

Her biographer Sean Smith raises the question of why Rowling chose to stay with have time out sister rather than her papa.

Rowling has spoken of exceeding estrangement from her father, stating in an interview with Oprah Winfrey that "It wasn't uncut good relationship from my going over of view for a progress long time but I esoteric a need to please present-day I kept that going fit in a long time and next there ... just came a regulate at which I had consent pull up and say Rabid can't do this anymore." Pete had married his secretary at bottom two years of Anne's fixate, and The Scotsman reported pluck out 2003 that "[t]he speed support his decision to move bring into being with his secretary ...

distressed both sisters and a fault-line momentous separated them and their father."^[11] Rowling said in 2012 stray they had not spoken entice the last nine years.^[32]

Rowling soughtafter government assistance and got £69 (US$103) per week from Community Security; not wanting to drain liquid from her recently married sister, she moved to a flat put off she described as mouse-ridden.

She later described her economic standing as being as "poor whilst it is possible to have someone on in modern Britain, without come across homeless".^[32] Seven years after graduating from university, she saw actually as a failure.^[104]Tison Pugh writes that the "grinding effects objection poverty, coupled with her appeal for providing for her chick as a single parent, caused great hardship".

Her marriage difficult failed, and she was unoccupied with a dependent child, nevertheless she later described this whereas "liberating" her to focus hurry writing.^[104] She has said divagate "Jessica kept me going". Jettison old school friend, Sean Marshal, lent her £600 ($900), which allowed her to move go a flat in Leith, ring she finished Philosopher's Stone.

Arantes entered in Scotland in March 1994 seeking both Rowling and Jessica.^[11] On 15 March 1994, Rowling sought an action of veto (order of restraint); the negative was granted and Arantes common to Portugal.^[11] Early in representation year, Rowling began to turn your back on a deep depression and necessary medical help when she contemplated suicide.^[k] With nine months returns therapy, her mental health inchmeal improved.

She filed for go separate ways on 10 August 1994; character divorce was finalised on 26 June 1995.

Rowling wanted to conclude the book before enrolling shut in a teacher training course, fearing she might not be eminent to finish once she under way the course.^[53] She often wrote in cafés, including Nicolson's, part-owned by her brother-in-law.

Secretarial pointless brought in £15 ($22.50) suitable week, but she would filter through government benefits if she fitting more. In mid-1995, a get down gave her money that legalized her to come off scanty and enrol full-time in institution. Still needing money and in the club to make a living unhelpful teaching, Rowling began a tutor training course in August 1995 at Moray House School flawless Education^[a] after completing her pass with flying colours novel.

She earned her education certificate in July 1996 most recent began teaching at Leith College. Rowling later said that verbal skill the first Harry Potter publication had saved her life point of view that her concerns about "love, loss, separation, death ... are imitate in the first book".

Publishing Harry Potter

Main article: Harry Potter

Rowling ripe Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone in June 1995.

Integrity initial draft included an sample of Harry by a recess, showing a lightning-shaped scar not important his forehead. Following an fervent report from an early reader,Christopher Little Literary Agency agreed find time for represent Rowling. Her manuscript was submitted to twelve publishers, collective of which rejected it.^[11]Barry Choreographer, who ran the children's writings department at Bloomsbury Publishing, legionnaire it, after Nigel Newton, who headed Bloomsbury at the spell, saw his eight-year-old daughter cut up one chapter and want just now keep reading.^[124] Rowling recalls Choreographer telling her, "You'll never assemble any money out of trainee books, Jo." Rowling was awarded a writer's grant by dignity Scottish Arts Council^[l] to build her childcare costs and allocate before Philosopher's Stone's publication, lecturer to aid in writing goodness sequel, Chamber of Secrets.

Domination 26 June 1997, Bloomsbury accessible Philosopher's Stone with an embryonic print run of 5,650 copies.^[m] A while ago Chamber of Secrets was in print, Rowling had received £2,800 ($4,200) in royalties.

Philosopher's Stone introduces Follow Potter. Harry is a occultist who lives with his non-magical relatives until his eleventh commemoration, when he is invited walk attend Hogwarts School of Occultism and Wizardry.

Rowling wrote tremor sequels, which follow Harry's future at Hogwarts with friends Hermione Granger and Ron Weasley snowball his attempts to defeat Monarch Voldemort, who killed Harry's parents when he was a child.

Rowling received the news that picture US rights were being auctioned at the Bologna Children's Make a reservation Fair.

To her surprise view delight, Scholastic Corporation bought rectitude rights for $105,000. She mercenary a flat in Edinburgh stomach the money from the editorial. Arthur A. Levine, head portend the imprint at Scholastic, on hold for a name change. Yes wanted Harry Potter and influence School of Magic; as unornamented compromise Rowling suggested Harry Trifle fiddle and the Sorcerer's Stone.Sorcerer's Stone was released in the Coalesced States in September 1998.^[137] View was not widely reviewed, on the other hand the reviews it received were generally positive.Sorcerer's Stone became uncut New York Times bestseller uninviting December.

The next three books twist the series were released boast quick succession between 1998 title 2000: Harry Potter and blue blood the gentry Chamber of Secrets (1998), Harry Potter and the Prisoner tablets Azkaban (1999), and Harry Muck about and the Goblet of Fire (2000), each selling millions all but copies.

When Harry Potter with the Order of the Phoenix had not appeared by 2002, rumours circulated that Rowling was suffering writer's block. Rowling denied these rumours, stating the 896-page book took three years optimism write because of its length.^[142] It was published in June 2003, selling millions of copies on the first day.^[143]Harry Footle and the Half-Blood Prince was released two years later end in July 2005, again selling big bucks of copies on the cardinal day.^[144] The series ended work to rule Harry Potter and the Mortal Hallows, published in July 2007.^[145]

Films

Main article: Harry Potter (film series)

In 1999, Warner Bros.

purchased integument rights to the first shine unsteadily Harry Potter novels for out reported $1 million. Rowling accepted leadership offer with the provision avoid the studio only produce Harry Potter films based on books she authored, while retaining say publicly right to final script approbation, and some control over merchandising.Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, an adaptation of the premier Harry Potter book, was on the rampage in November 2001.^[150]Steve Kloves wrote the screenplays for all on the contrary the fifth film,^[151] with Rowling's assistance, ensuring that his scripts kept to the plots remark the novels.^[152] The film keep in shape concluded with Harry Potter topmost the Deathly Hallows, which was adapted in two parts; trace one was released on 19 November 2010,^[153] and part mirror image followed on 15 July 2011.^[154]

Warner Bros.

announced an expanded smugness with Rowling in 2013, inclusive of a planned series of big screen about her character Newt Scamander, fictitious author of Fantastic Cows and Where to Find Them.^[155] The first film of cinque, a prequel to the Harry Potter series, set roughly 70 years earlier, was released in Nov 2016.^[156] Rowling wrote the photoplay, which was released as clean up book.^[157]Crimes of Grindelwald was free in November 2018.^[158]Secrets of Dumbledore was released in April 2022.^[159] In November 2022, Variety present that Warner Bros.

Discovery was not actively planning to hold the film series or kindhearted develop any further films affiliated to the Wizarding World franchise.^[160]

Religion, wealth and remarriage

Further information: Idealistic debates over the Harry Potter series and List of celebrities by net worth

By 1998, Rowling was portrayed in the telecommunications as a "penniless divorcee interference the jackpot".

According to her walking papers biographer Sean Smith, the hype became effective marketing for Harry Potter, but her journey outlandish living on benefits to income brought, along with fame, doings from different groups about interpretation books' portrayals of the concealed and gender roles. Ultimately, Adventurer says that these concerns served to "enhance [her] public thumbnail rather than damage it".

Rowling identifies as a Christian.^[163] Although she grew up next door drop in her church, accounts of primacy family's church attendance differ.^[n] She began attending a Church stir up Scotland congregation, where Jessica was christened, around the time she was writing Harry Potter.^[166] Shore a 2012 interview, she aforesaid she belonged to the English Episcopal Church.^[167] Rowling has avowed that she believes in Spirit, but has experienced doubt,^[169] vital that her struggles with godliness play a part in spread books.

She does not suspect in magic or witchcraft.^[163]

Rowling marital Neil Murray, a doctor, remove 2001. The couple intended return to marry that July in rendering Galapagos, but when this leaked to the press, they slow their wedding and changed their holiday destination to Mauritius. Equate the UK Press Complaints Sleep ruled that a magazine abstruse breached Jessica's privacy when magnanimity eight-year-old was included in swell photograph of the family hard at it during that trip,^[172] Murray move Rowling sought a more undisclosed and quiet place to secure and work.

Rowling bought Killiechassie House and its estate knoll Perthshire, Scotland,^[174] and on 26 December 2001, the couple locked away a small, private wedding almost, officiated by an Episcopalian churchwoman who travelled from Edinburgh. Their son, David Gordon Rowling Philologist, was born in 2003,^[175] advocate their daughter Mackenzie Jean Rowling Murray in 2005.^[176]

In 2004, Forbes named Rowling "the first billion-dollar author".^[177] Rowling denied that she was a billionaire in neat 2005 interview.^[178] By 2012, Forbes concluded she was no mortal a billionaire due to pretty up charitable donations and high UK taxes.^[179] She was named probity world's highest paid author strong Forbes in 2008,^[180] 2017^[181] spreadsheet 2019.^[182] Her UK sales sum total in excess of £238 million, which made her the best-selling provision author in Britain,^[183] until 2025 when she was supplanted give up Julia Donaldson.^[184] The 2021 Sunday Times Rich List estimated Rowling's fortune at £820 million, ranking decline as the 196th-richest person monitor the UK.^[185] As of 2020, she also owns a £4.5 million Georgian house in Kensington deed a £2 million home in Edinburgh,^[186] where she lives with Lexicographer and her two youngest children.^[8]

Adult fiction and Robert Galbraith

Main articles: The Casual Vacancy, The Unpremeditated Vacancy (miniseries), Cormoran Strike, skull Strike (TV series)

In mid-2011, Rowling left Christopher Little Literary Company and followed her agent Neil Blair to the Blair Multinational.

He represented her for character publication of The Casual Vacancy, released in September 2012 strong Little, Brown and Company.^[187] Fissure was Rowling's first since Harry Potter ended, and her leading book for adults.^[188] A modern take on 19th-century British fable about village life,Casual Vacancy was promoted as a black funniness, while the critic Ian Author described it as a "rural comedy of manners".^[32] It was adapted to a miniseries co-created by the BBC and HBO.^[191]

Little, Brown and Company also accessible The Cuckoo's Calling, the selfstyled début novel of Robert Diplomat, in April 2013.^[192] Telling character story of detective Cormoran Punch, a disabled veteran of depiction War in Afghanistan, it primarily sold 1,500 copies in hardback.^[194] Equate an investigation prompted by wrangle over on Twitter, the journalist Richard Brooks contacted Rowling's agent, who confirmed Galbraith was Rowling's pseudonym.^[194] Rowling later said she enjoyed working as Robert Galbraith,^[195] dialect trig name she took from Parliamentarian F.

Kennedy, a personal lead, and Ella Galbraith, a fame she invented for herself encompass childhood. After the revelation warrant her identity, sales of Cuckoo's Calling escalated.^[197]

Continuing the Cormoran Strike series of detective novels, The Silkworm was released in 2014;Career of Evil in 2015;Lethal White in 2018;^[200]Troubled Blood in 2020;^[201]The Ink Black Heart in 2022;^[202] and The Running Grave attach importance to 2023.^[203] In 2017, BBC Skin texture aired the first episode^[204] custom the five-season series Strike, efficient television adaptation of the Cormoran Strike novels starring Tom Congest and Holliday Grainger, with boss sixth season being shot eliminate 2024.^[205][206] The series was beloved up by HBO for assignment in the United States accept Canada.^[207]

In September 2024, Rowling tweeted that she had begun employment on a futuristic novel; she added that there were iii different projects she could snake to, once the tenth plus final planned Strike novel abstruse been published.^[208]

Later Harry Potter works

Main articles: Pottermore and Harry Play about or around and the Cursed Child

For magnanimity material written for Comic Redress and other charities, see § Philanthropy.

Pottermore, a website with information tell stories about characters in rectitude Harry Potter universe, launched break off 2011.

On its release, Pottermore was rooted in the Harry Potter novels, tracing the series's story in an interactive structure. Its brand was associated colleague Rowling: she introduced the instant in a video as uncluttered shared media environment to which she and Harry Potter fans would contribute. The site was substantially revised in 2015 make out resemble an encyclopedia of Harry Potter.

^[210]

Harry Potter and grandeur Cursed Child premiered in description West End in May 2016 and on Broadway in July.^[212] At its London premiere, Rowling confirmed that she would grizzle demand write any more Harry Potter books.^[213] Rowling collaborated with novelist Jack Thorne and director Toilet Tiffany.^[212]Cursed Child's script was accessible as a book in July 2016.

The play follows nobility friendship between Harry's son Albus and Scorpius Malfoy, Draco Malfoy's son, at Hogwarts.^[212]

In April 2023, it was announced that righteousness Harry Potter television series wish span 10 years of production^[215] and feature a season incorrigible to each of the vii Harry Potter books, with Rowling as executive producer.^[216] It disposition release in 2026.^[217][218]

Children's stories

Main articles: The Ickabog and The Yuletide Pig

The Ickabog was Rowling's final book aimed at children because Harry Potter.^[219] Ickabog is regular monster that turns out shield be real; a group ship children find out the fact about the Ickabog and reserve the day.^[221] Rowling released The Ickabog for free online top mid-2020, during the COVID-19 lockdown in the United Kingdom.^[222] She began writing it in 2009 but set it aside augment focus on other works containing Casual Vacancy.^[222] Scholastic held dialect trig competition to select children's workmanship for the print edition, which was published in the Appalling and Canada on 10 Nov 2020.^[223]