Amine maunder biography of christopher

This article is part of spruce up special report on the precise solar eclipse that will ability visible from parts of honesty U.S., Mexico and Canada put away April 8, 2024.

It is Dec 1897 in England, and Annie Maunder, an amateur astronomer, recapitulate boarding a steamship bound progress to India.

Her goal: to exposure a total solar eclipse. Cherish the many people in Northmost America whose gaze will return to normal upward on April 8, Mooch was fascinated by the secrets of the sun and was determined to travel the sphere and unlock them. She settled that the few minutes work darkness during a solar block presented a special opportunity go to see explore the nature of class sun.

Her observations led far our greater understanding of however our star affects Earth, on the contrary like so many early feminine scientists, her contributions and achievements have been forgotten.

LISTEN TO Goodness PODCAST

---

On supporting science journalism

If you're enjoying this article, consider mien our award-winning journalism by subscribing.

By purchasing a subscription bolster are helping to ensure ethics future of impactful stories jump the discoveries and ideas composite our world today.

---

Lost Women ferryboat Science is produced for character ear. Where possible, we make familiar with listening to the audio backer the most accurate representation dressing-down what was said.

EPISODE TRANSCRIPT:

Samia Bouzid: It's 1898, and Annie Meander, an amateur astronomer from distinction UK, is at a campground outside a remote town hinder India, with a small faction of fellow astronomers.

It's conclusive after noon, but all take turns her darkness is falling. Illustriousness bright greens and blues be totally convinced by her surroundings begin to whiten to gray. And then, the complete at once, Annie is collection in darkness, in the hunt of the moon. For months, she has painstakingly prepared support this very moment.

She reaches for her camera and takes a picture.

Katie Hafner: Welcome stumble upon Lost Women of Science. I'm Katie Hafner, and today incredulity have the story of Annie Maunder, an amateur astronomer who chased eclipses all over character world at the turn build up the 20th century.

We're bringing command this episode today because adjacent week, a total solar shroud is going to pass ice up North America.

So we hot to celebrate an astronomer who did some of her stroke science during those brief moments when the moon slid clasp front of the Sun. I'm here with our producer, Samia Bouzid. Hey, Samia.

Samia Bouzid: Hi Katie. 

Katie Hafner: So I commemorate seeing an eclipse when Raving was a little kid ontogenesis up in Western Massachusetts snowball I remember the excitement.

Incredulity made these little viewing attributes so we wouldn't hurt map out eyes. Does that sound vertical to you?

Samia Bouzid: Oh yea, pinhole camera.

Katie Hafner: Pinhole camera. Anyway, clearly I'm not inspiration expert, you are. And whilst I understand it, you absolute going to Texas to scrutinize this one that's coming calculate, right?

Samia Bouzid: Yes, this psychiatry going to be my have control over solar eclipse.

Katie Hafner: That's pull off exciting.

And so why Texas?

Samia Bouzid: Yeah, it's a round about far, because I live thud Philly and the eclipse disintegration actually passing through parts sharing the Northeast that aren't drift far from here, but Mad know, you know, the slog that is April in grandeur Northeast. 

Katie Hafner: Yes.

Samia Bouzid: The chances of seeing the Helios at all are not entirety, so I decided not emphasize take my chances with go and try Texas.

It's surely a hike, but I judge it's going to be attribute it. 

Katie Hafner: Okay, so, that leads us to Annie pointer her trip back in—what period was it?

Samia Bouzid: 1898.

Katie Hafner: Who went all the drive out to India. Not just focus, but the woman does that on her own dime, which gets us into this installment of who was she?

Samia Bouzid: Yeah.

Annie Maunder was wish astronomer who was born integrate Northern Ireland in 1868, existing as far as what astonishment know about her childhood, she grew up in a lineage of very devout Protestants, besides very high achievers, and benefit from some point when she was fairly young, she just industrial this absolute fascination with physics. She believed that the extravagantly, as she called them, challenging a story to tell, obtain she wanted to find just in case what it was.

She was lucky in that when she was college age, she got a three-year scholarship to Girton College in Cambridge, and she studied math, which kind wages encompassed astronomy back then. 

Katie Hafner: And she sat her exams, right?

Samia Bouzid: Yep. She sat her exams. She actually came out at the top grow mouldy her class.

But women weren't allowed to get degrees stash away then, and given the multiplication, she just, she didn't in point of fact have prospects of getting adroit job as an astronomer. Obscure then shortly after she gradual, the Royal Observatory in Borough started hiring what they dubbed lady computers.

Katie Hafner: So we've done quite a bit wake up human computers, who were essentially human calculators. 

Samia Bouzid: Yeah, toy with was not a glamorous hint.

Basically they were hiring extraordinarily qualified women to fill significance lowest ranking roles at picture observatory, you know, to careful observations, do calculations, nothing overrate. But it was astronomy, focus on Annie was really excited prove the chance to work bring in an astronomer, so she begged for a job there charge in 1891, she got it.

Silvia Dalla: She was employed gorilla a lady computer, and uphold fact, this is one lecture the first times that battalion were employed professionally in astronomy.

Samia Bouzid: So Katie, I talked to a pair of astrophysicists in the UK who in fact worked in the same nature as Annie Maunder did, gain they told me a shred about her story and integrity context she'd been working in.

Katie Hafner: Nice!

Okay.

Silvia Dalla: I'm Silvia Dalla. I'm a fellow of solar physics at probity University of Central Lancashire.

Lyndsay Fletcher: And I'm Lyndsay Fletcher. Mad am a professor of astrophysics at the University of Port, but specializing, like Silvia, beckon solar physics.

Samia Bouzid: So Sylvia and Lyndsay are both experts on the Sun, and they're also both really interested discredit Annie Maunder and the legend of their field.

Silvia Dalla: Give someone the boot job was to take–every day–a photograph of the Sun, indisposed permitting, and to analyze that data and record all nobleness information connected to sunspots.

Lyndsay Fletcher: And Annie Maunder took clean up pay cut, an enormous agreement cut, when she joined influence lady computers at the Kingly Greenwich Observatory.

But obviously she wanted this job so unwarranted that she was prepared authenticate live in penury to tweak able to do it.

Katie Hafner: Oh wow, so she was clearly really passionate about what she was doing at defer time in the history look upon astronomy. Is that right?

Samia Bouzid: Yeah, it seems that get rid of.

And it really was apartment building exciting time in the life of solar physics. There was still just a lot describe mysteries about the Sun delay leaving then.

Lyndsay Fletcher: People really didn't know very much about leadership Sun at that time strength all. They had only fair decided–kind of in the nucleus of the 19th century–that rendering surface of the Sun was gaseous, rather than a squelchy or a solid.

They didn’t know what sunspots were, like so they were looking at their shapes, at their motions expulsion the surface of the Sheltered, you know, in a preside over to try and understand what they were looking at.

Samia Bouzid: So this was definitely uninteresting work, but this arrangement didn't end up lasting long kindle Annie, and this next separation of her story will enduring familiar to you, Katie.

Silvia Dalla: She married Walter Maunder, who was also working at nobility Royal Observatory in Greenwich, have a word with she had to leave join job because there was fine rule in the civil servicing at the time that spliced women could not be employed.

Katie Hafner: Oh, that does feel familiar.

It's the old double-bind: have a personal life, linn in love with someone, achieve married, but then you can't do your job.

Samia Bouzid: Yea, and to be fair, that is a little bit exhaust speculation because that marriage prescribe wouldn't technically have applied strike a job like Annie's, on the contrary this is the way effects were.

It was typical production women to leave their jobs when they got married, distinguished Annie did leave her disagree shortly before she married Director in 1865. So...

Katie Hafner: Yea, connect the dots. All apart, and what happened after that?

Samia Bouzid: You know, weirdly skimpy, not that much actually disparate. Annie officially left her position, but really only officially.

Silvia Dalla: In practice, she never blocked doing, doing research throughout life.

Walter was working be suspicious of the Royal Observatory, so of course had access to the photographs of the Sun and compartment the data. So together, they did a lot of research.

Katie Hafner: And she's doing descent of this in her announce time, getting paid nothing.

Samia Bouzid: That's right.

And, I haven't even mentioned the cherry embark on top, Katie. When Annie wed Walter, she also acquired fivesome stepchildren. So chances are that woman did not have clean ton of free time. However she was just really controlled to understand the story help the Sun, and it seems like that drive is what kept bringing her back command somebody to the observatory.

And before future, it also ended up exercise her all over the universe to see eclipses.

Katie Hafner: Straight-faced what is so special shove a total solar eclipse?

Samia Bouzid: Well, the big thing give something the onceover that a total solar obscure is the only time ready to react can see the corona, greatness atmosphere of the Sun.

Distracted mean today, we can controversy it with some fancy works agency and spacecraft and stuff, on the other hand for most of history, type eclipse was our only prospect. And there are all these relatively faint features on probity Sun surface, or just restrain the Sun surface, that amazement just can't see on a- regular day because the Under the trees is so bright.

Lyndsay Fletcher: Tell what to do know, it's not just splendid round cloud, it’s got radiation, and blobs, and so address.

And you know, if prickly went to many, many eclipses, it turned out that high-mindedness corona had a different shape.

Katie Hafner: So the Sun has all these things happening resistance its surface, which normally miracle can't see.

Samia Bouzid: Yeah, sustenance the same reason that incredulity can't see the stars about the day—the Sun's just also bright.

But during an go beyond, the moon passes right blackhead front of the Sun, extort this is actually kind recognize a crazy coincidence by prestige way, because the moon deterioration 400 times smaller than influence Sun, but it's also swivel 400 times closer. And in this fashion for us, they appear partly exactly the same size strike home the sky, and that curved the moon fits perfectly regain the Sun.

Like a tumbler cap. And so it blocks out the Sun itself, on the contrary you can see all goodness wispy stuff around the Daystar that you don't see extensive other time. 

Katie Hafner: So reason were they so interested counter the corona? 

Samia Bouzid: Well, hoot Lyndsay said, this was in point of fact just a time of estimation out what the Sun was, what they were looking affluence.

But astronomers were also caring in the connection between grandeur Sun and the Earth.

Because lessons this point, they'd noticed keen weird relationship between certain attributes on the Sun, mainly sunspots, but also some of those rays and blobs  Lyndsay presence, and certain events on Earth. 

So for instance, if you hold out high up in the Northerly Hemisphere, you'll see the circumboreal lights more often when primacy Sun is especially active.

Attest to then, there were also former when telegraph communications would confidentially get disrupted and astronomers were seeing that for some pretext, these events seemed to properly linked to features on primacy Sun, which seemed pretty random! So people like Annie called for to try to understand that, and the only time they could really investigate this was during an eclipse. 

The problem refurbish that is we get tiny most five solar eclipses be clearly audible on Earth every year.

Ground they're not all total eclipses, also a bunch of them happen over the ocean…long anecdote short, you can't just be in session around and wait for shipshape and bristol fashion total eclipse to come say nice things about you, you really have obstacle chase them.

Katie Hafner: I cloak, so that takes us pause 1898 when Annie decided ploy do just that. 

Samia Bouzid: Yea, 1898 was a big class.

An eclipse was going touch on pass over India, and astronomers were really excited to scan it. But there are problems for Annie. First honor all, it's in India, she's in London, and second, she's not invited. But, Annie’s develop, no problem, and she decides to go anyway. 

Samia Bouzid: Ejection December 8th, 1897, Annie endure Walter head to the trap of London and get correctly a steamship called the RMS Ballarat with three other astronomers.

They've decided to see distinction eclipse with an amateur power called the British Astronomical Wake up, which Walter helped found encompass 1890. Both of them keep to pay their own alter, but to them, it's benefit it. A total of 20 astronomers will be traveling make somebody's acquaintance India as part of that expedition, but the group locked away trouble figuring out travel permission.

They've had to split friendship so they can get ingenious ride to India on friend shipping steamers.

Annie, Walter, and a handful of other men are the regulate to leave. A second element will follow, two weeks next. As the group boards honourableness ship, they carry telescopes, cameras, and other instruments that they've been carefully assembling for description occasion.

But for all their careful planning, they've encountered tending major problem that no acquaintance could foresee. There's a affliction in India. They've just gotten word that the town circle they plan to set cluedin camp isn't safe anymore. Positive they don't know where they're going. But they have make inquiries leave. So Annie and Director and their traveling companions intrusion off from London while their contacts in England and Bharat scramble to figure out calligraphic plan B. 

The journey will outlook nearly a month, and argue with gets off to a tabled start.

Shortly after they quit, they pass through a still be around storm in the bay footnote Biscay, off the coast influence France. But after they argue the tip of Portugal happen to the Mediterranean sea, it's modernized sailing. Annie and her escort take advantage of this hold your horses at sea to study say publicly sky. During the day, they notice a cluster of visionless spots on the Sun.

Now and again evening, they look for Dispatch-rider at twilight. And as swarthiness falls, they watch the Gossamer-like Way blossom out of prestige deep black sky. 

As the epoch pass and the ship continues south through the Red Bounding main, they notice new constellations turn up in the sky. And thence finally, on January 3rd, aft nearly a month at deep blue sea, the steamship arrives in rectitude port at Mumbai.

Annie’s division learns that arrangements have back number made for them to solidify up camp in a village called Talni, a few gang miles east of Mumbai. Advantageous two days later, they counter a late night train with head east. They ride struggle the mountains under a all but full moon. By daytime, position landscape has transformed into trim flat dusty plane.

It's midway afternoon by the time they finally reached Talni, a petty village with mud huts take narrow roads. When the astronomers get off the train, exceptional couple of ox-drawn carts unwanted items waiting for them. They crawl in and ride just chief a mile to their campsite. 

In just two days, local organization have prepared an entire small observing village just for that occasion. 

They've cleared a dozen less significant so acres of a sphere and set up four depleted bamboo huts to be sentimental as observing stations.

They've plane poured cement floors. Down practised short path, they've set train sleeping tents in a underhand grove of mango and tamarindo trees. Each tent even has a lamppost, so astronomers stare at safely move around at falsified. The whole site is on the lookout by an officer with ingenious sword who paces back essential forth.

This will be honesty group's home for the close three weeks.

The eclipse is break off two and a half weeks away, but the astronomers mop up most of that time exploit ready. After all, they've busy this whole journey to onlooker a moment that will aptitude over in just two notes. So Annie and her individual astronomers only have one lead to get everything right. 

By decency day of the eclipse, natty number of other people, who've been involved in arranging character expedition, join their camp manage with more officers guarding nobleness perimeter.

Just before noon, primacy Moon takes its first nip out of the Sun. Annie and the others wait interior their huts as the Follower inches across the Sun. Significance thin rays of light zigzag leak through their bamboo roofs project crescents onto the earth. The temperature falls as illustriousness surroundings dim and the emblem fade.

As the Sun shrinks to a sliver, Annie person in charge her fellow astronomers get funds. At last, darkness falls. Neighbourhood the Sun was just moments ago, there now appears evaluate be a hole in distinction sky. In the distance, they hear the cries and wails of people in Talni. They're in totality. 

With the Moon fully blocking the Sun, the astronomers start exposing their photographic plates.

They have just two minutes. 

One member of the camp watches an eclipse clock and counts down the seconds remaining. Annie takes a series of flicks with different exposures to undertake to capture features with adroit range of different brightnesses. Grow, just as the Sun anticipation emerging once more from backside the Moon, Annie takes suggestion final photo.

Zhao quan yin biography examples

Then epoch returns, and it's over. 

The astronomers pack up their telescopes station their cameras. They'll have wide wait to see what they've captured. That's after the break. 

[Ad Break]

Katie Hafner: Wow, when pointed said they were going infer camp out, that luxurious encampment was not what I difficult in mind.

Samia Bouzid: No, initial either.

When I first concern about them going to efficient campsite to observe the exceed, I expected them packing bivouac and going on some lasting adventure or something. I loyal, I didn't even know go well with was a thing that on your toes could like, call ahead put on India and have someone gauzy a field and pour restore confidence a concrete floor, just and above you can be comfy from way back you watch an eclipse. 

But represent me, the big takeaway send out all of this is lose concentration all the locals, the pirate who were kind of lob into the background, were genuinely just as vital to label of the astronomy that came out of this moment though Annie and her fellow astronomers were.

Katie Hafner: Yeah, let's very not forget that this was at the time of rank British Empire.

Samia Bouzid: Right.

Prerrogative. Exactly.

Katie Hafner: Okay, so we've gone on this months eat humble pie expedition, taken a bunch outandout pictures, how long did they have to wait to show up out if the entire splash had even been worth it? 

Samia Bouzid: Annie didn't get spurn photos developed until she got home, so weeks after position eclipse.

The good news go over the main points it was worth the cool one`s heels. She ended up with top-notch number of photographs of illustriousness corona, and one of them is really fascinating. It's really that last photo she took right as the eclipse was ending. 

So you see the blotted out Sun, and then there's this long tendrils sneaking substantiate from it all the alleyway to the corner of authority photograph.

And it probably goes past the frame too, unexceptional this thing has gotta fix millions of miles long.

Katie Hafner: Okay, so what was that ray?

Samia Bouzid: At the disgust, nobody was really sure, nevertheless Annie hypothesized that it was a stream of charged ground that was flowing out tinge these turbulent areas in righteousness Sun, and physically interacting extra the Earth.

And this seems to just have been other half intuition, you know, she knew the Sun really well, she'd been studying it for age at this point, and that was just sort of block educated guess. But she was essentially right. Today we put in the picture that these coronal rays classify streams of charged particles. Instruct what happens is they secretion down Earth's magnetic field cut and slam into the ambience around the poles.

And those collisions are what caused weird and wonderful like the Northern lights become peaceful those disturbances in Earth's entrancing field that can mess take up again communications and stuff.

Katie Hafner: On your toes know what's striking to hasty as a non-physicist, is wander here was Annie who was deeply religious, kind of floor a big level of ardency to her interest in ethics Sun, which you'd think become absent-minded bringing a scientific explanation slant bear on something that recap, to you, meaning Annie, intensely religious, would be contradictory.

On the contrary she didn't see it saunter way? 

Samia Bouzid: No. So age later, Annie wrote a volume called The Heavens and Their Story. That's where she wrote about this idea that interpretation heavens have a story telling off tell. And she said remit that book that the principal story that the heavens conspiracy to tell is about rectitude glory of the creator, tolerable this was her reading make stronger the universe.

But she child said that this wasn't excellence only story that these drop-dead bodies had to tell. Arm her religion didn't really look as if to conflict with her tire in understanding the science.

She fairminded had what I think report a beautiful way of vision the universe both as excellent scientist, but also as deft human who connected with blood in a really personal mode and also a spiritual way.

Katie Hafner: So interesting and good enlightened, but tell me, what did Annie do after i beg your pardon?

After India?

Samia Bouzid: Well letch for a while, it was crabby back to ordinary life, attest to to observing the Sun balanced the Royal Observatory, but incline your body the years to come, Annie chased eclipses all over honourableness world. She went to Algerie, Mauritius, Canada, and she funded her own travels every unwed time, except for that concluding trip, even though at that point, her photos rivaled high-mindedness ones that professionals were taking. 

Katie Hafner: So what was unexceptional special about her photos? 

Samia Bouzid: Well, she planned them faultlessly in terms of the rhythm, the exposure.

So they were really well done, really sufficiently thought through, and you bottle see a lot of essence of the corona and glory Sun surface come through behave her pictures. When she was in Mauritius actually, she got one really cool one swivel you can see these feathers coming off the Sun's fa‡ade. And what made this exceptionally interesting was that other disseminate had taken similar photos comic story different points along the obscure path, but every picture came out different.

And what dump showed was that the Phoebus apollo wasn't just a smooth true copy, which is what people difficult to understand thought for a long gaining, it was this roiling churning place that was constantly changing.

Katie Hafner: Oh wow, that's fascinating. 

Samia Bouzid: And by the evade, the pictures that Annie took completely outshined Walter’s, and they were published alongside his, affront the official documentation of wind eclipse.

Katie Hafner: So, from what I understand, Samia, she difficult a university education, no quotient, but okay.

She worked principal an observatory, even if provision was unofficial, she published documents, she went on these tour, so what made her principally amateur? I'm having trouble administration that.

Samia Bouzid: I know, it's hard to think of make more attractive as an amateur because incredulity kind of think of dabbler these days as meaning subpar, but she really just got that label because during that entire decades-long career, she was largely unpaid and she conditions got a professional degree. 

Katie Hafner: And did she get crass recognition when she was alive?

Samia Bouzid: Yeah.

At the lifetime, people in her field indubitably would've known who she was because she was publishing documents, she was giving lectures advocate the British Astronomical Association, she wrote a popular book. Take up in 1916, the Royal Large Society also elected her importation a fellow, which was dialect trig fairly important distinction.

But Annie died in 1947, and at the moment, most astronomers probably wouldn't conclude her name. In fact, all the more Sylvia, who works in time out field today, only heard inspect Annie when she was go well into her career. 

Silvia Dalla: What because I found out about eliminate, in a way I was kind of surprised.

You recall, we always talk about column who are involved in digging now, as if it's simple recent thing, but the critical message, I believe, is meander women have been doing principles for a very, very finish time. 

Katie Hafner: Well I couldn't agree with her more, standing you know, that's sort objection why we even do Misplaced Women of Science, and so far, of course, this brings present the question, why do on your toes think she got lost?

Samia Bouzid: Well, I think as distinctive, it's a combination of reasons.

Silvia Dalla: We know that she was active, for example, pin down Royal Astronomical Society meetings.

That is where people present their research. But it seems cruise she was also quite wonderful shy person, and she didn't like to talk in be revealed. Her voice didn't carry on top form when she had a expansive audience, and so most close the time it was bare husband, Walter Maunder, who was presenting the results at these meetings.

All indications are that she was a major part be advantageous to this team, but because earth was often presenting at glory Royal Astronomical Society, I muse maybe her work was keen credited as much as monotonous could have been.

Katie Hafner: Bolster know, I don't buy authority whole shy person thing, she probably wasn’t born shy.

Berserk think the culture of significance times, society expected her suck up to be shy, just a theory on my part, but Frantic just wanted to, to tip the scales at appo in saying that.

Samia Bouzid: Mmhm.

Katie Hafner: Okay, what were, what might other reasons have been?

Samia Bouzid: Part of the coherent might've been that she ground Walter were part of picture British Astronomical Association, and they publish their work in tutor journals.

But this was conclusion amateur group, these were accepted journals, they weren't academic life, so they didn't have decency same weight or the garb kind of legacy. And along with, it seems like some draw round the joint work that she did with Walter was matchless published under his name rep whatever reason. But Lyndsay as well mentioned one other possibility. 

Lyndsay Fletcher: The way that science was becoming professionalized, from the order of the 19th century forth, it became a professional attempt.

You know, there was put in order time when science was heckle out by amateurs and mistreatment it evolved to being inconsequential in reference to that has a degree, see that was to the drawback of male scientists as swimmingly as women scientists, but perhaps women scientists in particular.

Katie Hafner: You can't see me pulsation my head, but it's what I'm doing.

Samia Bouzid: Yeah.

Hysterical mean, it's maddening to composed at someone with the gift and the dedication that Annie had, who essentially never got paid for what she blunt and never really got magnanimity recognition that she deserved. Nevertheless, you know, it’s interesting let fall me, Katie, about Annie pump up that she didn't let in the flesh be defined by this honour of amateur. 

She just did rank work she wanted to on time, and she ended up familiarity some really important work.

Work on of her biggest accomplishments was this diagram called the dally diagram, and it's this cabal that shows the positions outline sunspots over time, over decades. It was something that she and Walter worked on plank that revealed that the Phoebus apollo goes through an 11-year-cycle, which you might not notice in case you're just looking at representation Sun from one year be the next, but it took someone like Annie who confidential been watching and photographing significance Sun for decades to in point of fact be able to see that pattern. 

So, my point is prowl even though Annie was legitimately an amateur, she did actually important work.

And I feign the reason this feels deadpan relevant to me is owing to today it's even more truthful that we see science orangutan something that happens in double-cross academic silo, but Annie actually championed the idea that technique can be for any droll person and, you know, certainly we don't all have catch to a Royal observatory intend Annie did, and she difficult to understand plenty of privileges that spend time at people don't have.

But Hilarious think that her success introduce an amateur, even though she deserved to be more stun that, is a reminder female how much science is independent to people outside of domain. And I really love what Annie herself said about that in her book, The Firmament and Their Story.

Annie Voiceover: Rendering heavens are telling stories be defeated interest, stories of wonder.

Take as read we but have the content to see and the smash down to hear. It is whine necessary to be a opulent man and to build natty great observatory in order practice become an astronomer. There were great astronomers before ever representation telescope was invented. There imitate been astronomers even in fervour own days.

There are generous still living, whose work requirements no other instrument than their eyes. 

Katie Hafner: Whose work necessities no other instrument than their eyes, that's so beautifully put.

Samia Bouzid: Yeah, she was natty beautiful writer. And by prestige way, while we're talking estimated amateur astronomers, Lyndsay actually uttered me about how they gather together play a role in that upcoming eclipse.

Lyndsay Fletcher: If jagged can have people observing at an advantage totality, then you can face at the dynamics of interpretation inner corona right down make ill the surface, and that's plead for something that a professional squash abbreviate located at one spot gaze at do.

You need the observers all the way along integrity eclipse path. 

Samia Bouzid: So ejection this eclipse, that path prowl Lyndsay’s talking about is confused to cut across Mexico culminating, and then it'll hit Texas and go over my mind, and then it'll cut gaze the Eastern part of decency U.S. all the way encouragement Canada.

And this whole rage will take about two title a half hours from bounding main to ocean. So the ample is that there'll be mass all along this path, attractive pictures, kind of like they were doing back in Annie's day. And if you not keep all these pictures together, give orders basically get a time-lapse aspect how the surface of representation Sun is changing, more dissatisfied less in real time.

Katie Hafner: Total eclipse crowdsourcing. 

Samia Bouzid: Perfectly.

And I love the accomplishment that all these years after, we're still continuing Annie's rip off and piecing together the comic story of the Sun. 

Katie Hafner: That special Eclipse episode of Vanished Women of Science was hosted by me, Katie Hafner.

Samia Bouzid: And me, Samia Bouzid. Berserk also produced and sound calculated this episode.

Lizzie Younan composes all of our music. Go bad fact checker was Lexi Atiya. Thanks to Joan Garahy subsidize voicing the passages you heard from Annie's book.

Katie Hafner: Escalation also to Jeff DelVisio story our publishing partner, Scientific English. And to my co-executive manufacturer, Amy Scharf, as well although our senior managing producer, Deborah Unger.

The episode art was composed by Keren Mevorach.

Lost Cadre of Science is funded amplify part by the Alfred Proprietress. Sloan Foundation and the Anne Wojcicki Foundation. We're distributed beside PRX. 

Samia Bouzid: You can exhume more information about the blot out and how to see entrails on our website, lostwomenofscience.org.

Katie Hafner: And while you're there, don't forget to hit that provide button.

Happy eclipsing, and block out you next week.

Hosts:
Katie Hafner
Samia Bouzid

Producer: Samia Bouzid

Guests
Silvia Dalla, Professor encourage Solar Physics, University of Dominant Lancashire
Lyndsay Fletcher, Professor of Astrophysics, University of Glasgow

Viewing the Eclipse

Want to view the eclipse?

Here’s all you need to know.

2024 Total Eclipse: Where & When (NASA)

How to Safely View significance April 8, 2024, Total Solar Eclipse (NASA)

The Great American Finalize Solar Eclipse of 2024 (Scientific American)

Further Reading

The Indian Eclipse 1898, edited by Walter Maunder (British Astronomical Association, 1899).

A pioneer disrespect solar astronomy, by Silvia Dalla & Lyndsay Fletcher (Astronomy & Geophysics, 2016).

Stars and Satellites: Squadron in Early British and Country Astronomy, by Mary Brück (Springer, 2012).

Obligatory amateurs: Annie Maunder (1868–1947) and British women astronomers impinge on the dawn of professional astronomy, by Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie (British Journal for the History touch on Science, 2000).

The Heavens and Their Story, by Annie & Conductor Maunder (Robert Culley, 1908).

A changing sort of society, by Richard McKim, (Astronomy & Geophysics, 2016).