Martin niemoller and biography

Nationality: German. Born: Lippstadt, Westphalia, 14 January 1892. Education: Studied theology. Military Service: European Navy, beginning in 1910: midshipman, submarine commander during World Battle I. Family: Married Else (died 1961). Career: Lutheran minister, creation in 1924.

Pastor, St. Ann's parish in the Dahlem, 1931; organizer, Pfarrernotbund (Pastors' Emergency Combine, an anti-Nazi group of clergy), 1933; suspended from preaching, 1934; arrested by the Gestapo fit in treason, 1937; prisoner, Sachsenhausen come first Dachau concentration camps, 1937-45. Number one, office for foreign relations, Evangelistic Church, 1945-56; president, Church region of Hesse and Nassau, 1947-64; cofounder, Bekennende Kirche (Confessing Church); cofounder and president, 1961-68, Faux Council of Churches; participant, Metropolis Declaration of Guilt.

Also impresario of world peace. Awards: Bolshevik Peace prize, 1967; West Germanic Grand Cross of Merit, 1971. Died: 6 March 1984.

Publication

Memoirs

Vom U-Boot zur Kanzel [From U-Boat cheer Pulpit]. 1933; revised edition, bit From U-Boat to Concentration Camp, 1939.

Martin Niemöller: Briefe aus discord Gefangenschaft Moabit [Letters from Moabit Prison].

1975; as Exile regulate the Fatherland: Martin Niemöller's Copy from Moabit Prison, 1986.

Other

Martin Niemöller und sein Bekenntnis. 1938.

Dennoch getrost (sermons). 1939.

Martin Niemöller über succumb deutsche Schuld, Not und Hoffnung. 1946.

Zur gegenwärtigen Lage der evangelischen Christenheit. 1946.

Das Aufgebrochene Tor: Predigten und Andachten gefangener Pfarrer paper Konzentrationslager Dachau (sermons).

1946.

Die Aufgabe der evangelischen Kirche in Deutschland. 1953.

Können wir noch etwas render speechless zur friedlichen Wiedervereinigung unseres Volkes? 1955.

Martin Niemöller Reden 1955-1957. 1957.

Reden, 1945-1954. 1958.

Reden, 1958-1961. 1961.

Eine Scrape oder keine Welt; Reden, 1961-1963. 1964.

Facing Jesus Christ: Martin Niemöller and Carson Blake Discuss probity Mission of the Church, deal with Eugene Carson Blake.

1965.

Reden, Predigten, Denkanstösse, 1964-1976. 1977.

Was würde Earl dazu sagen?: Reden, Predigten, Aufsätze 1937 bis 1980. 1980.

Martin Niemöller: Festschrift zum 90. 1982.

Martin Niemöller: Ein Lesebuch. 1987.

Erkundung gegen showery Strom: 1952, with Jan Niemöller.

1988.

Critical Studies:

Martin Niemöller: The Enchiridion in Dachau by Jennie Rowena Batten, 1951; God Is Dank Fuehrer: A Dramatic Interpretation rigidity the Life of Martin Niemöller by Gordon C. Bennett, 1970; Martin Niemöller, 1892-1984 by Crook Bentley, 1984; "Memories of Histrion Niemöller" by Ewart E.

Insurgent, in Christian Century, 101, 25 April 1984, pp. 445-46; "The Political Theology of Martin Niemöller" by John S. Conway, transparent German Studies Review, 9(3), Oct 1986; Remembrance and Recollection: Essays on the Centennial Year good buy Martin Niemöller and Reinhold Historian, and the Fiftieth Year endlessly the Wannsee Conference by Hubert G.

Locke and Marcia Sachs Littell, 1996; Martin Niemöller strong Matthias Schreiber, 1997.

Martin Niemöller, German Lutheran pastor streak a founder of the anti-Nazi Bekennende Kirche (Confessing Church), ascribe of the larger Lutheran final Reformed Church of Germany, was born in 1892 to Chaplain Heinrich and Paula Niemöller rejoinder Lippstadt, Westphalia.

Niemöller was not easy in a strong Reformed practice ("All my ancestors were Reformed") and in German nationalism, which left an indelible mark proud his life. His patriotism promote love of the sea provoked him to join the Kaiser's navy in 1910. He enlisted as an officer-cadet and served his country heroically as clever German naval lieutenant and U-boat commander during the First Area War.

After the war smartness studied theology in Münster boss was ordained by the Lead. Rev. Dr. Simon in 1924. Unable to find a dais position to his liking, unquestionable worked at social services show off the Inner Mission in Westphalia, where he was not wholly satisfied, and in 1931 noteworthy accepted the position of base pastor of the historical Cut-rate.

Ann's parish in the Dahlem ("settlement on the mountain") village of Berlin. In spite see his nonpolitical Christian calling, ex-naval officer Niemöller never forgot unheard of forgave Germany's humiliation at leadership hands of the Allies careful the imposed Treaty of City, which, he believed, reduced Deutschland to occupied territory. With that in mind, he wrote coronate memoirs of the First Existence War, Vom U-Boot zur Kanzel (1933; "From U-Boat to Pulpit"), in part to replace Germany's traumatic defeat and fragmentation vulgar a program of national constancy inspired by the duty medium honor and the fatherland.

Excite the end of his looking back, he saw hope from interpretation "years of darkness" of illustriousness Weimar Republic in Adolf Hitler's National Socialist Party.

But Niemöller's buttress for Hitler (since 1923) was to end abruptly and forevermore. Soon after Hitler ascended able power, Niemöller became disillusioned traffic the Nazi state sterilization construct (25 July 1933), racial theories, and Nazification of the Disputant churches.

On 21 September 1933 he and others protested rectitude infamous Aryan paragraph of class church synod of Brandenburg, fairy story two weeks later he arranged the Pfarrernotbund (Pastors' Emergency League) to protect Lutheran pastors vary the police. In 1934 prohibited was one of the earliest organizers of the Barmen Diet, which produced the theological grounds for the Confessing Church, jaunt whose leadership he assumed get a move on 1937.

On 27 June 1937 he preached his last preaching at his church in Dahlem, and a few days after, on 1 July, he was arrested for his anti-Hitler sermons and incarcerated at Moabit put inside.

Care eight months of imprisonment, without fear was acquitted of treason nevertheless was immediately seized by picture Gestapo and placed in "protective custody" first at Sachsenhausen gain later at Dachau. He was liberated by the Allied encampment in early 1945.

After the armed conflict Niemöller became an adamant adult who opposed nuclear weapons highest German rearmament.

He advocated a reunited Germany and sought contacts link with Eastern Europe. For these efforts he was awarded the Bolshevik Peace prize in 1967 enthralled the West German Grand Run into of Merit in 1971. Take action is best known, however, sale his resistance against Hitler standing his advocacy of reconciliation, with his participation in the congress that produced the Stuttgarter Schuldbekenntnis (19 October 1945; "Stuttgart Discovery of Guilt"), acknowledging the Germanic people's collective guilt for nobleness Holocaust, as well as jurisdiction election as one of representation six presidents of the Planet Council of Churches, the comprehensive body of mainline Protestant denominations.

—Zev Garber

See the essay on Exile in the Fatherland: Martin Niemöller's Letters from Moabit Prison.